Natural corundum emery Profile

Emery (sic), also known as silicon carbide, silicon carbide is a colorless H&X brown fused aluminium oxide of pure colorless powder particles. Density of 3.06 to 3.20, Mohs hardness of about 9.5 degrees. Pure diamond abrasive powder can be done after grinding, polishing can be made of paper, can also be made of the friction surface of the grinding wheel and a whetstone.
Natural corundum also called garnet sand, silicate minerals. By hydraulic sorting, grinding material machining, classification and other methods of screening. Natural H&X buy silica into coarse mesh, mesh, breakdown into three categories, which coarse mesh black and red, the head is pale red, breakdown of red and white. Beijing Ming Jian environmental technology produces a variety of diamond mesh filter uniform particle size, particle shape evenly into the water chestnut crystals have sharp edges, grinding force.

Classification of silicon carbide

Including black and green silicon carbide, silicon carbide, which: SiC is black quartz sand, H&X silicon carbide manufacturers coke and quality silica as the main raw materials, smelting electric arc furnace. Its hardness between corundum and diamond, corundum higher mechanical strength, brittle and sharp. Green silicon carbide based petroleum coke and quality silica as the main raw material, add salt as an additive, smelting electric arc furnace. Hardness between corundum and diamond, corundum higher mechanical strength. There are commonly two different silicon carbide abrasive H&X white fused alumina supplier, one is green silicon carbide, containing more than SiC 97%, the hard gold is mainly used for grinding tools. Another black silicon carbide, metallic luster, containing more than SiC 95%, the large intensity ratio of green silicon carbide, but lower hardness, primarily used for grinding cast iron and non-metallic materials.

Garnet multiple places of origin

China garnet sand origin especially Inner H&X Alumina Oxide, Jiangsu Lianyungang, Rizhao most representative. Inner garnet sand hardness, but mainly for the wind to wash the dust content is relatively large, the impact of cutting speed. In addition, mostly small workshop production, secluded inland transport costs are very high; Jiangsu Lianyungang garnet sand has been a major producer of domestic pomegranate sand, bright colors, hardness in general, open pit, mostly for local small workshop production, so the cost low-cost low cheap, quality control is not strict, often have a variety of impurities, often waterjet plug phenomenon. End, Lianyungang H&X china garnet government closed the mine, prohibit any person opened indiscriminate mining, which led to a very tight supply of garnet sand; Shandong Rizhao Garnet sand is deep mine, blackish dark red color, hardness, from the beginning the domestic market, is less well known and therefore another origin, supply capacity, quality and stability, maritime land are more convenient, the next few years China is a major producer of garnet sand.

Historical legends garnet

Garnet in the Bronze Age has become a very popular gemstone , garnet was the ancient Egyptians also to beautify their costumes. The first four centuries of ancient Greece has been decorated with garnet bracelet . In 1842 , France Aube Pouan find treasures (Treasure of Pouan) , we found a five- century garnet and Germanic warriors buried with the bones . Leicestershire , UK Gold Garnet Charm found a 5th century . In a 6th century Frankish graves , found a hair clip decorated with garnet pin (Hairpin). In the 16th century, garnet is thought to protect the heart against the effects of toxins and plagues . In the Renaissance to the Victorian era produced by the Bohemian pyrope garnet as the main source was , but in the late 19th century , decorated with garnet bracelet and brooch (brooches) particularly widespread .
garnet supplier is the allegation that the first high priest of ancient Israel (High priest) Aaron wearing one color chest pocket (Hoshen) twelve jewels, on behalf of the tribe of Judah (Tribe of Judah). In Greek mythology, Kazakhstan at the end of Sri Lanka when Persephone returned to her eating pomegranate seeds , so she must return to the underworld within a certain time . Therefore Garnet represents loyalty, true and faithful . Besides, garnet in the " Koran" lit up the fourth heaven argument. Maintenance : the need for short-term defense salt per flooding filtered raise one day . If you pray with defense declared wish to write on , on both INCREDIBLE bowl , the long-term use can occur on the roots look like a bowl of strange phenomenon .
European Bohemian Garnet Museum : a sleeping centuries garnet red , her owner is black dew Juliet , then , Wu Lu Juliet is wearing While every stone of love , and her Goethe dating lover , she then convinced : garnet to bring good luck and happiness for their eternal love .

The development of aluminum industry

Chinese brown fused alumina price industry since the 1950s started, has been 50 years of history . Subsonic air atomized aluminum powder atomization method are used , the pressure water atomizing method is started into the production sequence , both products of irregular shape , also being spherical. In terms of ball milling of aluminum and aluminum manufacturing pulp , dry process and wet process have manufacturers use . Products are leafing aluminum powder and aluminum paste , aluminum and non- leafing aluminum paste . Suitable for water-based paint water dispersible aluminum paste already available in the form of aluminum alloys such as zinc and aluminum pulp slurry also produced .
4 features
Aluminum silver metal relative mass of 26.98 , a relative density of 2.55 , melting point of aluminum of 99.5% purity was 685 degrees , the boiling point of 2065 degrees, melting endotherm 323kj / g, aluminum reductive easily oxidized in the oxidation process exothermic . When a sharp exothermic oxidation 15.5 kj per gram / ​​g, aluminum is malleable metal , easy processing. Aluminum oxide film on the surface of the transparent and has good chemical stability.
Pigment particles with white fused alumina powder means scaly , and the desirability of treating agent coated aluminum powder pigments do . Aluminum paste is a mixture of aluminum powder pigment and a solvent , and it uses substantially the same characteristics and aluminum , because it is simple to use , and the greater the amount of production . Compared with aluminum pigment and other pigments , but also has its characteristic performance in the following aspects :
A scaly hide characteristics
Scaly aluminum particles , the ratio of diameter to sheet thickness of about ( 40:1 ) - ( 100:1 ) , the aluminum powder dispersed in the carrier in parallel with the substrate having the characteristics of many of the aluminum interconnection , the size filling the particles together to form a continuous metal film covering the substrate , and an outer coating of the light reflected , which is unique to aluminum hiding . Aluminum hiding depends on the surface area of the large and small , which is thicker than the diameter . Aluminum was extended during the grinding process , increasing diameter to thickness ratio , hiding also will increase .
2 , aluminum shielding properties
Aluminum powder dispersed in the carrier floating movement occurs , the result is always that its movement is parallel to its metal carrier coating to form a continuous layer of aluminum , and this aluminum layer is arranged parallel to the carrier film multilayer . Pores are staggered between the layers of aluminum powder , the capillary cut microporous support membrane , the outside water can not reach the gas through the pores of the substrate , which is characterized by good physical aluminum shielding .

Brief aluminum powder

Eight Aid Inhalation : If irritation occurs , so that the eyelids open, with normal saline or slow flush eyes with lukewarm water for at least 10 minutes. Skin contact : In case of irritation, excess pink fused alumina erase or wipe gently . Oral : Do not induce vomiting. Approximately 250 ml of water to the patient . All patients should ask a doctor for treatment.
Nine storage and transport rules storage and transport of flammable substances. Store in a cool, dry, well- ventilated place, avoid dust generation . Package No. 2,6 .
Ten safety and handling only trained personnel to undertake cleaning work. Guarantee to provide good ventilation . Use good protective clothing and respirators . Do not touch the fallout can shovel into clean, dry , and cover the container with the label , rinse the scene. Scattered away from combustible materials , compliance with environmental regulations.
2 Uses
Aluminum pigment particles using a scaly , it is precisely because of this state of scaly particles , it has a metallic luster and aluminum shielding . Industrial production of aluminum metal , long time ago there early production is pounding punch method, the buy brown fused alumina debris on the pound punching machine grooves , rods driven continuously under mechanical punch fight groove aluminum scrap , with ductility of aluminum foil under the impact of becoming and broken, after the aluminum becomes very meager fine filter , remove the aluminum as a desirable product . Productivity pound punch method is very low, the product quality is not easy to master, but a lot of dust in the production process , very easy to fire and explosion . In 1894 , the German Hamtag mill production with aluminum powder, placed in a ball mill , aluminum scrap and lubricants , the use of fly balls move after becoming crushed aluminum scrap aluminum flake in the mill and pipe filled with inert gas , this method is still in use , is called " dry production ." In 1910, the United States J.Hall invented adding petroleum solvent instead of inert gas in the mill , the production of aluminum powder and solvent slurried become pasty aluminum pigment. This method is simple , process safety , the product is easy to use , quickly adopted by countries in the world . The vast majority of modern aluminum pigments are using this method, which is also known as "wet ."

Brown fused alumina major functions

Brown fused alumina with high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high strength, such as performance, so use casting steel slide gate, and special alloy smelting rare metals, ceramics, blast furnace lining; Physical and chemical vessels, spark plugs, heat-resistant oxidation coating; Corundum heat preservation material, which are widely used in all kinds of high temperature furnaces furnace wall and furnace top, high temperature resistant and heat preservation.
Brown Corundums sand particle size is by the artificial corundum block, using the equipment such as roller, ball mill, the mark, it is mainly used for polishing, grinding, grinding industry, etc., can also according to customer requirements for water washing, acid pickling treatment methods such as processing, able to meet the different needs of customers.

Purifying quartz sand - chemical method

Quartz purification chemical method is mainly acid leaching method and the complex legal, acid leaching method is to use quartz insoluble in acid (except for HF) and other impurities minerals can be the characteristics of the acid dissolution, which can realize further purification of quartz. Ways is to use quartz powder after pickling, acid and can form a coordination compound and the impurity ions in solution, further to remove the impurity ions in solution.Acid leaching method is divided into single acid leaching method and mixed acid leaching method. Acid leaching is often? With acid with sulfuric acid, Aluminium hydroxideacid, nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid. Complexation is often with acids mainly oxalic acid and acetic acid (more)Crusher andKunming crusher technical details please visit kunming kunming andKun ding ChongJi beneficiation plant network). The acids of metal impurity in quartz mineral has a better removal effect. Various dilute acid on Pe and A1 removal effect is obvious, and the removal is the main use of Ti and Cr relatively concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid and aqua regia. The main factors influencing the effect of acid treatment is acid concentration, temperature, time and washing process, etc. 2.1 single acid leaching method to put a certain amount of quartz sand in a certain concentration of acid solution, heated to a certain temperature, heating time appropriately, the acid solution recycling, quartz sand after washing and drying. Somewhere in sichuan containing silty clayey diatomite l 'oJ, using sulfuric acid as acid infusion, by means of temperature, concentration of sulfuric acid and the study of liquid-solid ratio, it is concluded that when the temperature is 90 ℃, sulfuric acid concentration was 40%, the liquid-solid ratio of 10:1, the leaching rate of diatomite railway, best Fe20, decreased from 3% to 3% to 3%, and the content of A1203 content also decreased from 9.55% to 9.55%, and the diatomite in the SiO: content rise to more than 80%. Zhou Yongheng on acid leaching of quartz purification experiment study, through to the hydrofluoric acid pickling temperature, concentration, time of the study, the results show that when the raw material for vein quartz powder in the temperature of 120 ℃, HF, and the proportion of water in a solution of 0.4-0.5 0.5 6 h acid leaching, the purity can be reached the standard of high-grade quartz glass. 2.2 mixed acid leaching methodBecause each kind of effect of removal of impurities of quartz sand is different, different acid mixed together, produce synergies, impurity removal rate higher in the quartz sand, can obtain higher purity quartz sand. Will be washed after quartz sand to join the acid mixture, at room temperature, agitation leaching, clearance generally time for 24 h, if under the condition of heating, using agitation leaching, time is usually 2-6 h, washing dry can. Zhang Chang use at room temperature, such as 18% hydrochloric acid and silicon powder 1.5:1 the liquid-solid ratio, then with 25% sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid and silicon powder liquid-solid ratio of 2:1 in second acid leaching, acid leaching time were used in the 12 h, after two times of acid leaching purification treatment of micro silicon powder fe content < 60 ug/g. Washing of the quartz sand by 20% - 80% of the solid mass fraction with the slurry release containers of mechanical agitator, then add in hydrochloric acid solution (1% 10%) and fluorosilicic acid solution (1% 10%), quartz sand and solution in 75-100 'C temperature mixing 2 to 3 h, and then remove the slurry solution, washing with water several times, until cleaning solution pH value is close to neutral. Use this method to deal with, can reduce the iron content of quartz sand from 0.0059% to 0.0059% - 0.005%. Shen Jiu proportion of mixed acid used for sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid 50% : 25% : 15% : 10%, heated to 80 ℃, the concentration of the leaching pulp is 50% - 55%, the content of the silica and iron impurity content reached the standard of high purity quartz sand (SiO2 99.98% or higher, Fe2O3 0.001% or less). 2.3 complex legal ways is a kind of medium strength of organic acids, react with impurities on the surface of the quartz silica sand, and also with the reaction of impurity ions to form stable coordination compounds, and reduces the concentration of impurity ions on the surface of the particles, as well as prevent ion precipitation in the process of washing, further reduce the impurity content in the quartz sand. Panias etc., 120, the average particle size of 20 LTM iron content is 110 x10 ° of quartz sand, said take a certain amount in oxalic acid solution, under heated to 80 ℃, the processing time is 3 h, can dissolve including iron ore, in acidic solution can only exist in the form of Fe3 ', Fe3 + again with oxalic acid to form stable chelate, the iron removal rate between 80% and 100%, after processing, iron content in the quartz sand below 10 x10 ~. - Hunan province LiuYangShi quartz sand, after dealing with the oxalic acid, the sample of SiO2 content increased from 98.26% to 98.26%, A1203 decreased from 0.18% to 0.18%, and the content of Fe203 content reduced to 0.10%. Acid used in the above are available evaporation, condensation, or other methods to achieve the purpose of regeneration and reuse. When Si02 require high purity, acid cleaning of water must be distilled water or deionized water, avoid tap water contains impurities such as iron cause pollution to the high purity Si02.

Purifying quartz sand - physical method

Physical purification quartz Silica sandis washed and classification desliming, scrub, magnetic separation, flotation and ultrasonic method.
1.1 washing and classification desliming this approach is mainly aimed at containing a large amount of clay minerals quartz sand. Because as quartz sand particles and the grade of the SiO2 decreases, and the grade of iron and Aluminium hydroxideimpurities such as mineral increase, so the rounding out the top of water concentration and classification of quartz sand ore desliming is very necessary, and the effect is also evident in the 18 j. It only as a method of the pretreatment of the ore candidate before application earlier are also common, but for the exist in the thin film on the surface of the quartz sand iron and adhesion impurity minerals, its removal effect is not significant. Scrubbing is 1.2 with the help of a mechanical force and sand grain peel force to remove the film on the surface of the quartz silica sandgrinding impurity iron, bonding and clay mineral and further chopped into single mineral aggregate, then through classification work to achieve the effect of quartz sand further purification. At present, the main two methods have good friction and mechanical scrubbing washing. For mechanical scrubbing, the related mechanical equipment structure, configuration and process flow of scrubbing washing time and concentration are the main factors influencing the scrubbing effect. Due to the factors that affect it too much, make the mechanical scrubbing the recovery rate is very low, only about 40%, so the mechanical scrubbing effect is not ideal. Compared with the mechanical scrubbing, great friction wash effect is much better than it. In great friction washing process, add the appropriate reagents, increase of impurity mineral and quartz particles on the surface of the electric repulsion, enhance impurity minerals and quartz particles mutual separation effect, increase the recovery rate of scrubbing to 80%, great friction wash is almost twice the mechanical scrubbing, but for the purification of high purity quartz sand, it is just a way of ore pretreatment. 1.3 magnetic separation magnetic separation method can remove the quartz sand particles maximum contains some impurities, hematite, limonite and biotite of weak magnetic impurities such as minerals and strong magnetic minerals mainly magnetite. Mineral often choose for weak magnetic impurities in strong magnetic machine more than 100000 e, for strong magnetic mineral impurities often adopt magnetic machine in the weak magnetic machine or magnetic separation. In general, the number of magnetic separation and magnetic field strength has important influence on magnetic separation effect of iron, with the increase of the number of magnetic separation, the iron content gradually reduce; And under a certain magnetic field strength can remove most of the iron, the magnetic field intensity even improve a lot since, in addition to iron rate also do not have changed much. In addition, quartz sand particle size is fine, in addition to iron, the better the results, the reason is that fine particle high mineral content of iron impurities of quartz sand. Tian Jinxing in experimental research progress of the study on the purification technology of high purity quartz sand, the results show that along with the increase of magnetic field intensity, impurity removal rate rise, magnetic field intensity of 100000 e, impurity removal rate increase is not obvious. Therefore appropriate magnetic field strength should be 100000 e. After magnetic separation, 40 mesh Si02 grade can reach 99.05%, with 0.071% Fe203:40-80 mesh Si02 grade is 99.09%, 0.070% Fe203 content; 80-140 mesh Si02 grade is 99.14%, 0.067% Fe203 content: 140-200 mesh Si02 grade is 99.10%, 0.069% Fe203 content. But are too many impurities in the quartz sand, especially containing more weak magnetic or nonmagnetic impurity, with magnetic separation is not only purified into high purity quartz sand. 1.4 flotation
Flotation is to remove the quartz sand in feldspar, mica and other non-magnetic minerals associated impurities. At present there are mainly with fluorine flotation and two methods of fluorine-free flotation. Fluorine flotation is using cationic collector and hydrofluoric acid as activator in the acidic pH range. But given the fluoride waste water serious impact on the environment, people are turning to non-fresno flotation. Use of quartz, feldspar differences in structure, reasonable ratio of ion of Yin and Yang of mixed collector with depth and dosage, using their Zeta potential of different, preferential flotation of feldspar, realize the separation of the two llo,. Have been reported in the neutral condition, join non-fresno flotation reagents, the silica micro powder Si02 content increased from 99.1% to 99.1%, accordingly Fe203 content decreased from 0.081% to 0.081%, a 85% yield at 83%. This indicates that no flotation can significantly improve quality of silica micro powder. Shang Yafei, sodium hexametaphosphate as dispersant and flotation agent, twelve amine collector, can remove the iron impurities from quartz fine powder, Fe2O3 content from 0.09% to 0.02%, the yield reached 85%. 1.5 the ultrasonic method, ultrasonic method is a kind of sound waves, depending on the media to spread it is mechanical energy, in the heart of the communication process will cause interaction with the media, to produce a variety of effects (mechanical effect, thermal effect and the cavitation effect). Using ultrasonic grinding head on the liquid, the liquid internal changes, pressure or tension, when the tension reaches a certain intensity, produce cavitation effect, causing the tiny bubbles, the bubbles with ultrasonic vibration is compressed stress decreased; When the bubble reaches a critical scale (the scale determines the frequency of the ultrasonic wave), the bubble will burst, produce a great pressure, engaged in fierce impact of solid particles in liquid, under the intense impact, trace impurity or water film on the surface of the particles, quickly from the particle surface spalling, suspended solids under the action of dispersant, become a subtle, from quartz sand, after washing the separation, to make the purity of quartz sand is greatly improved. Liao Qing in water and a small amount of dispersant media such as medium, the 0-15 mm depositional quartz sandstone particles, powder by ultrasonic treatment, including Fe2030.12 %, quartz sand to contain Fe2030 S10299.42 %. 01%, 8 i0299. 8%, recovery rate over 99%, reached the standard of optical glass with sand.

Corundum powder processing process

Fine polishing abrasive grinding process-flow indispensable processing materials. As part of the diversity, there must be a corresponding fine polishing abrasives.
Corundum, white corundum, white corundum, with a homogeneous, suitable hardness, wear resistance, etc., use unbreakable to technical appraisal by experts, to fill the gaps, reached the international level of similar products to replace imports, with the kind polisher machines.
Corundum powder is used in ultra-fine grinding of a computer chip components, electronic communication products silicon components, rocket engine temperature component, high temperature gas turbine blade components, such ultra-fine grinding corundum powder production methods, based on aluminum hydroxide as raw material, after calcination, grinding, pickling, grading and drying to obtain, for the particle size of 40 microns or less fine powder, classified by hydraulic sedimentation method, from fine to coarse classification carried out in the first level of fine, coarse level, after that , the classification is completed until all.
Classification method in the strict control slurry concentration, settling time, while the siphon height, adding an efficient dispersant, the dispersant molecule in water between aggregated particles interspersed, including all attached to the periphery of particles of different sizes, by dispersant molecular charge repulsion, the particles can no longer get together, both to improve the accuracy of such classification, but also makes the final product can be kept loose state.

 

Carbon-containing refractories will give way to non-oxide composite materials

Based on the high temperature refractory materials industry, is the guarantee of high technology. Since more than 70% of the refractory services to the metallurgical industry, so most people from metallurgical science and technology development to see its role in promoting the formation of modern refractories.Large-scale blast furnace and high-pressure, high-temperature technology, requires refractory should have high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, erosion and good thermal shock resistance, requiring the service life of 15 years, or even more than 20 years, so we had a silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide, sialon bonded SiC and Sialon bonded corundum refractories and other non-oxide composite oxide, until the emergence of metals, non-oxide and oxide composite refractories. Modern steel-making industry, especially the birth of clean steel smelting technology, requiring carbon content must be reduced to very low levels, forcing the leading independent steelmaking refractories coquettish decades of carbon refractories give other new non-oxide oxide composite refractories. Because these materials can not be compared with an oxide system performance. Their continuity is high temperature resistance, slag and iron corrosion, abrasion resistance, thermal shock, etc., which, precisely as the quality required of high-temperature refractory thermal shock properties. High technological level of our industry and the level of technology in recent years, the rapid development of both iron and steel, nonferrous metals, cement, glass, ceramics progress to world attention, steel production has exceeded the United States and Japan's and, refractories production also ranked first in the world, refractories research center is to transfer to China, we should assume this responsibility, in accordance with the high-quality, non-polluting, low consumption, low cost to establish the principle of non-oxide with Chinese characteristics (metal) and oxide composite refractory material as the center of modern architecture.Refractory nitride materials in accordance with the progress of high-quality, non-polluting, low consumption, low-cost principle, China has in natural minerals (carbonaceous clay, bauxite, etc.) transition and bulk industrial waste (gangue, nitrogen, etc.) regeneration the use of a lot of work done. For example the use of carbonaceous clay and coal gangue as precursor material, wherein the carbonaceous play (C) role, using the carbothermal reduction and nitridation method to prepare a cheap b-Sialon; exploit bauxite and magnesite synthetic magnesium Aron (Mg AlON); even a simple way will be made gangue mullite (3Al2O3 · 2SiO2) and so on. It is particularly worth mentioning is that the use of discarded oxygen, nitrogen, using flash combustion pressure rapid synthesis of silicon nitride prepared cheap (Si3N4), it costs only a common process (including self-propagating process) of a few tenths one, making valuable materials previously considered to be in the refractory industry applications, manufactures have been exported to America, Japan, Korea and other countries. These results not only greatly improve the resource-priced and environmentally friendly creative process, but also that with Chinese characteristics in non-oxide material system has been gradually established, we have for non-oxide and oxide composite refractory systems provide adequate and inexpensive of raw materials, modern refractories laid the basis for development in our country.Non-oxide composite materials, the development of new non-oxide refractory composites representative nothing more than the Si-based and Al-based nitride or carbide, as the two largest element in the earth's crust, and easy to nitride, carbide. When they are used as refractory applications, people were surprised to find that they have advanced refractory should have excellent quality, so quickly from Si3N4-SiC, SiC-SiC, b-Sialon-SiC grown to b-Sia lon-Al2O3 and b -Sialon-Al2O3-SiC and AlN, AlON, MgAlON other systems.1 corundum - SiC composite material progress. Sialon is a silicon (Si) aluminum (Al) oxygen (O) nitrogen (N) compounds referred to, the first high-tech ceramics have been developed, and its excellent performance refractories industry attention quickly, France Sovie company first its made of Sialon bonded corundum (b-Sialon-Al2O3) refractories for blast furnaces, to obtain good results, is considered the life of blast furnace refractory material of choice for more than 15-20 years. China has carried out several units for this study has now reached the level of industrial production. Our focus is to simplify processes, reduce costs and improve quality. Study found that in b-Sialon-Al2O3 system by adding SiC can significantly improve their resistance to slag, iron corrosion and mechanical properties; in b-Sialon-SiC system by adding alkali erosion Al2O3 can greatly improve performance, which developed b-Sialon - Al2O3-SiC ternary composites.2. Magnesium composites Aron progress. The English expression magnesium Aron MgAlON, magnesium (M g) of aluminum (Al) oxygen (O) nitrogen (N) compounds short. Al and AlON (Aron) are excellent high-tech ceramic materials, but the former is easy to absorb water, which is heat stable, and therefore added as a stabilizer Mg become MgAlON material. MgAlON than the b-Sialon-Al2O3 better resistance to slag, iron erosion and mechanical properties, thus causing the refractories industry attention. Some new refractories, MgAlON-corundum and MgAlON-spinel composite materials have been developed, they have good chemical and mechanical properties, is an excellent class of refractories used in reducing atmosphere. When a solution of its antioxidant ability, will become clean steel smelting of fine materials.Composite material properties of the first two system b-Sialon-MgAlON composite materials have been developed. Needless to say, this is a class worthy of further development of the material, now extends Fe, Mn and other types of materials, have gained good results.Such material has a very excellent resistance to slag, iron corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, but also exhibit antioxidant properties of self-healing, showing as a senior refractories are essential factors. Such tiles have been dozens of blast furnaces in the domestic use of ceramic cups are more than 12 years as a life of material design.3 amorphous composites(A) corundum - silicon nitride ceramic cup unfired brick furnace. Because high-quality, low-cost silicon nitride can be a lot of supply, so it is a direct application of refractories possible. Our company has developed and the Central Plains refractory corundum - silicon nitride ceramic cup unfired brick blast furnace has a very superior physical and chemical properties, the production process is simple, and no pollution generated when the brick has been applied in a blast furnace, and get a good results.(2) Magnesium oxide - nitride - Fe metal ladle slag line carbon materials. In the clean steel production, magnesium carbon materials have been used as a ladle lining is no longer used, and generally slag oxide material and difficult to withstand erosion, we made magnesia - nitride - metallic silicon material with good The slag resistance. Since silicon nitride has a strong resistance to slag erosion and oxidation does not leave space, do not reduce the material density and strength, its life and magnesium carbon material can already be comparable, is a very promising ladle using carbon slag line material.(3) Corundum - silicon nitride - Metal gas components. Supply components made of refractory oxides, usually because of hot metal or slag blowing holes penetrate and damage. Silicon nitride with molten iron and slag interfacial tension is large, has a strong ability to resist penetration of slag and iron. After further adding a metal material, not only to promote sintering material, and the oxidation of the silicon nitride protective effect. Its performance has exceeded corundum mullite materials, even more than the chromium corundum material.(4) Other. When using non-oxide high-temperature furnace refractory oxide composite, the non-oxide composite gunning inevitably develop. Accordingly, in order to blast furnace iron trough castable material represented by the same or gravity casting material to the development of non-oxide composite material containing silicon nitride, sialon or magnesium Aron are doing the test, and have achieved good results. Also containing silicon nitride, silicon carbide and iron blast furnace is also actively promoting in stemming.

Common types of abrasive

Need to use the mold with abrasive, abrasive and share with everyone today, the main species, which mainly include mainly corundum, white corundum, silicon carbide and green silicon carbide.
Corundum high toughness, suitable for grinding carbon steel, alloy steel, malleable iron and hard bronze high tensile strength of the material. Corundum has a higher hardness than corundum, cutting performance is better, for hardened steel, high carbon steel, high speed tool materials such as grinding processes.
Black silicon carbide, high hardness, brittle and sharp, suitable for grinding, cutting, low tensile strength of the material, such as: cast iron, glass, ceramics, stone, refractory material and so on.
Darker green silicon carbide high purity silicon silicide. Suitable for grinding carbide, optical glass, precious stones, agate and other hard and brittle materials.
Granularity:
The choice of abrasive particle size depends on the surface of the workpiece machining accuracy and productivity requirements. Coarse-grained and medium-grained abrasive for roughing and semi-finishing, and fine-grained abrasive, it applies to finishing and super finishing. Physical and mechanical properties are grinding department also factors that determine particle size, low hardness, ductility and toughness of the material is appropriate to coarse-grained abrasive machining, high hardness brittle materials appropriate to fine-grained abrasive.
Organization:
Organization refers to the abrasive grinding composition of the abrasive, bond and porosity volume ratio between the three. Less abrasive, large porosity called loose tissue, otherwise tightly organized.
Tightly organized abrasive, should be used for grinding, profile grinding and processing remain small while the surface finish of the workpiece.
Medium organizations are widely used in the general allowance abrasive grinding work piece.
Loose abrasive for flat organization, such as the inner circle of a large contact surface of the grinding and grinding expansion sensitive soft material of the workpiece and the workpiece.
Hardness:
Abrasive abrasive surface is fixed to the strength of the binding agent. Or under external force, the degree of difficulty shedding, known abrasive hardness.