Garnet Maintenance

Maintenance: because it H&X brown fused alumina to the long-term wear garnet purification. Purification of the word in Latin and degaussing approximation, so it is called degaussing. "Accounted birthplace decision" records: the need to purify 1-3 once each month. Even the timing of garnet also need to purify. Scientific perspective, people dead H&X silicon carbide abrasive powder attached to the Demantoid fungal growth, long-term skin disease is not easy to get washed. Purification method is to use a standard defense salt wash because it has no effect on natural garnet, unlike sea salt coarse salt is corrosive.

aluminum powder Precautions

1. The drug should not be used continuously for more than seven days, the symptoms are not H&X buy silica, please consult your physician or pharmacist. 2 children dosage please consult your physician or pharmacist. 3 fracture patients should not take, this is due to the formation of insoluble aluminum phosphate complexes, resulting in decreased serum phosphate concentration and phosphorus from the bone removed. 4 The drugs can interfere with the absorption of phosphorus, long-term use can cause hypophosphatemia; hypophosphatemia eg malabsorption syndrome patients with caution. 5 The role of drugs have constipation, H&X pink fused aluminium oxide constipation and therefore should be used with caution. 6 An overdose or serious adverse reactions should seek medical care immediately. 7 allergic to the drugs were banned, allergic caution. 8 when the property changes prohibit the use of drugs. 9 Please place the drugs on the reach of children. 10 Children must be under adult supervision. 11 If you are using other drugs, please consult your physician or pharmacist before using this medicine.

The influence of organic acids on aluminum oxide adsorption of phosphorus

Aluminum oxide is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions acidic soil type of H&X brown fused aluminium oxide, its adsorption of phosphate radical fixed is acidic soil phosphorus deficiency and the main reasons for low phosphorus availability in [1 ~ 3]. On the phosphorus absorption mechanism of aluminium oxide, oxalic acid and phosphoric acid root in aluminum oxide on the surface of the competition effect, etc. There are some studies [4 ~ 10], but USES the aluminum oxide in alkaline conditions (pH 8 (2) more
abstract  : with different coordination anion (sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid root) composite aluminum oxide as an object, oxalic acid, citric acid, etc are studied by equilibrium adsorption concentration and pH of the influence of aluminum oxide H&X buy silica sand of phosphorus, and organic acids affect phosphorus adsorption mechanism. Results show that the largest of the six synthetic aluminium oxide phosphorus uptake (Xm) between 0 ~ 0 838 tendency for 189 g, with Al (OH) x has the highest phosphorus uptake, "aluminum citrate complexes (Al CA) lowest phosphorus uptake; Organic acid concentration increased, the phosphorus uptake of aluminum oxide is reduced, and the influence degree of the citric acid is higher than oxalic acid; And pH of 2 of oxalic acid and tartaric acid, Al (OH) x secondary adsorption quantity minimum for phosphorus, and organic acid pH 3, Al (OH) x to reach the highest, the secondary adsorption of phosphorus organic acid solution pH increased from 4 to 9, aluminium oxide changed or gradually reduce p uptake. Organic acids and phosphorus mixed join compared with single phosphorate, pH 3 when difference is small, the most significant difference when the pH 4 ~ 6, pH 7 ~ 8 and decreased; Organic acids lower aluminum oxide phosphorus uptake mechanism includes two aspects of acid dissolution and complex competition, when pH 2 is given priority to with the former, pH 3 ~ 9 is given priority to with the latter, and the adsorption on the surface of the aluminum oxide point of coordination anion is affinity

The influence of organic acids on aluminum oxide adsorption of phosphorus

Aluminum oxide is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions acidic soil type of mineral, its adsorption of phosphate radical fixed is acidic soil phosphorus deficiency and the main reasons for low phosphorus availability in [1 ~ 3]. On the phosphorus absorption H&X calcium metal granules of aluminium oxide, oxalic acid and phosphoric acid root in aluminum oxide on the surface of the competition effect, etc. There are some studies [4 ~ 10], but USES the aluminum oxide in alkaline conditions (pH 8 (2) more
abstract  : with different coordination anion (sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid root) composite aluminum oxide as an object, oxalic acid, citric acid, etc are studied by equilibrium adsorption concentration and pH of the influence of aluminum oxide adsorption of phosphorus, and organic acids affect phosphorus adsorption mechanism. Results show that the largest of the six synthetic aluminium oxide phosphorus uptake (Xm) between H&X pink fused alumina 838 tendency for 189 g, with Al (OH) x has the highest phosphorus uptake, "aluminum citrate complexes (Al CA) lowest phosphorus uptake; Organic acid concentration increased, the phosphorus uptake of aluminum oxide is reduced, and the influence degree of the citric acid is higher than oxalic acid; And pH of 2 of oxalic acid and tartaric acid, Al (OH) x secondary adsorption quantity minimum for phosphorus, and organic acid pH 3, Al (OH) x to reach the highest, the secondary adsorption of phosphorus organic acid solution pH increased from 4 to 9, aluminium oxide changed or gradually reduce p uptake. Organic acids and phosphorus mixed join compared with single phosphorate, pH 3 when difference is small, the most significant difference when the pH 4 ~ 6, pH 7 ~ 8 and decreased; Organic acids lower aluminum oxide phosphorus uptake mechanism includes two aspects of acid dissolution and complex competition, when pH 2 is given priority to with the former, pH 3 ~ 9 is given priority to with the latter, and the adsorption on the surface of the aluminum oxide point of coordination anion is affinity

The main varieties of garnet

The main species
Purple teeth black deposits in a H&X Carborundum Abrasives of native , mainly produced in many magmatic or metamorphic rocks , the majority of gem garnet found in alluvial placer . Purple teeth black garnet group minerals , chemical composition is more complex silicate minerals ( island silicates ) , usually A3B2 [SiO4] 3 said . Where A represents Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Fe2 +, Mn2 + and other divalent cations , B represents Al3 +, Fe3 +, Cr3 + and other trivalent cations . Crystal morphology was rhombic dodecahedron , or both H&X garnet sand three octahedral poly shape. Granular or massive aggregates . Affected by the composition of the garnet color , showing a variety of colors , which include red red series ' Pink ' purple ' orange ; yellow line includes yellow ' orange ' dense yellow' brownish yellow ; green line includes green ' olive ' yellow and green . Crystal display glass glossy surface , sub- adamantine luster , fracture noticeable oil sheen . Transparent to translucent . Homogeneous body , does not have pleochroism , no birefringence . Garnet can be divided into two series , six main varieties : almandine series ( pyrope , almandine , spessartine ) and andradite series ( uvarovite , grossular , andradite ) .

The crystal structure of garnet

garnets is a generic formula X3Y2 (SiO4) 3, silicate minerals (Silicate_minerals).
Garnet necklace
Garnet necklace
X where normally bivalent (divalent) of positive ions (Ca, Mg, Fe) occupy , and Y is where is a trivalent cation (Al, Fe, Cr) occupies , with a regular octahedron or the [SiO4] provided tetrahedral framework. Garnet crystal dodecahedron habit (crystal habit) most commonly found, but there is also a common habit recipe three octahedral (trapezohedron) (note here the "recipe three octahedral " in the main mineral literature will be called kite -shaped three-dimensional geometry THH (Deltoidal icositetrahedron)). They crystallize in the isometric crystal system , there are three equal -length axis and perpendicular to each other . garnet suppliers and will not appear cleavage (Cleavage), so when they burst under pressure will produce significant irregular pieces , a powerful natural crystal energy can bring unlimited inspiration and vitality.
On the market so-called " green garnet Bi " and garnet nothing to do , in fact, prehnite . Prehnite not green garnet , two completely different concepts . The grapes on the market take the side of the stone and green garnet , is nothing more than for financial gain . Value Demantoid very expensive diamond bid , the market is extremely rare.

Garnet sand processing technology and uses

Waterjet sand processing
Reference Product Name : 60 mesh - 90 mesh garnet sand ( natural emery ) aka ( waterjet sand, water jet sand )
Processing: Featured content 85.4% garnet rock , artificial drying the moisture content of less than 4.7% , after the mechanical grinding pickling ( removal of impurities ) washing ( to remove sediment dust ) , the second artificial drying ( easy points sieve dust ) , moisture content below 5% . Finally, advanced secondary sieving process ( the particles more uniform ) screening package.
Recommended : 60 mesh silica sand supplier for cutting stainless steel , copper , marble products. 80 mesh sand for cutting glass , ceramics.
Garnet sand main purposes are:
( 1 ) steel hull , bridges and other sand-blasting ;
( 2 ) metal, stone, glass and other water jet cutting ;
( 3 ) chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical , water treatment filter Alumina Grinding Media ;
( 4 ) polishing marble , optical lenses, glassware , leather and other materials ;
( 5 ) wheel, Whetstone , emery cloth , sandpaper raw materials ;
( 6 ) motorways , runways , wear rubber , non-slip paint and other wear-resistant materials ;
( 7 ) is widely used in the construction industry in the field of high-grade lacquer interior wall decoration elegant temperament . Ideal new non-metallic wear-resistant flooring aggregate.

Details about the garnet abrasive

Garnet is a island structure of calcium silicate, aluminum on mineralogy divided into two categories: department of aluminum oxide and black silicon carbide oxide. The chemical composition of garnet change is bigger, general chemical formula for the A3B2 [SiO4] 3, which represents A divalent calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese and other cations, B on behalf of trivalent aluminium, iron, chrome, manganese and other cations. Garnet generally is the crystallization of the sizes of particles, with moderate hardness, high melting point, good chemical stability, color according to different products and structure, present a different color, a dark red, red, pink, black, brown, etc. Garnet with moderate hardness, good toughness, particle size uniform, it is a good natural abrasive. In the optical industry, electronic industry, machinery industry etc widely used. Such as:
(1) in the high pressure water jet equipment (water knife cutting abrasive;
(2) the sandblasting derusting, cutting, special welding and thermal spraying, manufacturing grinding wheel, oilstone, emery cloth and garnet sand paper raw materials;
(3) used as water treatment filter medium;
(4) of silicon wafer, optical lenses, precision instruments and meters, polishing glass shell, glass, ceramic, stone, leather, plastic, metal parts can improve finish;
(5) can be used as building highway pavement, airport runway, wear-resisting rubber, industrial floor. Antiskid considerations of wear-resistant materials such as paint;
(6) for chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical, water treatment filter medium and drilling mud weighting agent;
(7) can be used for washing factory jeans with sand sand workshop, etc

Silicon carbide industry's position in the slice

Crystalline silicon photovoltaic feeder line cutting is cutting the biggest market differentiator, and silicon carbide crystal wafer cutting is very important as an accessory, the market demand with the development of photovoltaic industry has maintained a strong growth momentum. However, since entering in May, silicon carbide market prices began to loosen, product demand dropped, companies have been affected to varying degrees. Henan Green foreign filter water treatment materials industry professionals once said: "silicon carbide powder is a tool in the hands of photovoltaic enterprises, who have the best tools, whoever occupies the best cutting opportunities."
It is obvious from this statement in the slice of silicon carbide powder industry position is pivotal. With the rapid development of photovoltaic industry, the industry's growing demand for wafer temperature, the number is growing, while the production of polycrystalline silicon carbide powder as an important accessory, its natural demand is increasing. Domestic silicon carbide powder is mainly divided into black silicon carbide powder and green silicon carbide powder into two categories, the black silicon carbide powder and green silicon carbide powder technology and ingredients are different, resulting in the market demand for these two products is not the same.
At present, mainly dominated by green silicon carbide powder, because it itself determines its characteristics more suitable for photovoltaic, semiconductor crystal silicon material cutting edge parts, so the use of green silicon carbide powder than black silicon carbide powder. Our country is a major exporter of silicon carbide production and, in 2009 total output of 530,000 tons of silicon carbide and more, accounting for 56.3% of the global total, ranking first in the world. 2010 silicon carbide production reached 700,000 ~ 800,000 tons, as of now, 2011 silicon carbide production has reached 30 million to 40 million tons.

Corundum: corundum density related presentations

Corundum density:
Density is divided into two, one corundum bulk density, the second is the true density corundum. 
Bulk density:
1.53 ~ 1.99g/cm3, the bulk density of the abrasive and the abrasive grain size, grain size, species, particle shape and other factors are, in general, coarse abrasive bulk density than the fine-grained abrasive, mix size is greater than the bulk density of the abrasive single particle density.
Particle density:
3.95 ~ 4.0g/cm3, in recent years, special casting corundum true density has reached 4.1g/cm3, the true density of the abrasive is the unit volume (excluding the volume of open porosity) contained within the abrasive quality, primary particle size of as follows: 45% to 55%, corundum can rest assure that more than 50%, the basic effect of particle size is an important indicator to ensure the ground, should be properly controlled in the production, but the production speed may slow down.

 

Grinding method

The flexible abrasive polishing tools and polishing media particles or other modification of the surface of the workpiece processing. Polishing can not improve the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece or geometric shape accuracy, but to obtain a smooth surface or specular gloss for the purpose, sometimes to eliminate gloss (extinction).
Usually buff as a polishing tool. Buff general use multi canvas, felt or leather crafted stacked on both sides with a metal circular plate clamped its rim coated abrasives and grease, etc. from the powder mixture evenly polish. Polishing, buff rotating speed (peripheral speed of 20 m / sec or more) is pressed against the workpiece, the abrasive surface of the workpiece and trace rolling cutting, machining to obtain a shiny surface, generally up to the surface roughness Ra0.63 to 0.01 micron; When using non-greasy matting polishing agent, shiny surfaces can to improve the appearance of extinction.
Mass production of steel ball bearings, often using barreling approach. Rough polishing will be a lot of balls, lime and abrasives on pot-shaped drum tilted, the drum rotates, the ball and abrasive in the barrel rolling crash at random convex front surface to achieve the removal of the surface roughness is reduced purpose, can remove a margin of about 0.01 mm.
Fine polishing ball when loaded in barrels and fur pieces, available hours continuous rotation dazzling bright surface. Polishing precision line scale is machined surface immersed in, carried abrasive powder, polishing powder, polishing powder particle size W5 ~ W0.5 by the alumina powder and cerium oxide powder combined together. Uniform fine polishing using material degreased thin wood or a special felts, its trajectory uniform dense mesh, the surface roughness after polishing is less than Ra0.01 microns, the enlarged 40 times under the microscope than any surface defects. There are also other methods electrolytic polishing.

SiC ultra-fine grinding works

SiC ultra-fine grinding works:
Material into the grinding chamber, the spindle is rotated by the rotation of the roller swings outward centrifugal force, roller pressed on the grinding ring, shovel blade materials to the grinding roller and grinding ring, between the grinding rollers and grinding ring rolling and under pressure between the material repeatedly roll crushing, sandblasting abrasive in the grinding chamber and lead mixed into a fluidized air flow.
In the classification round lead centrifugal action of the wind and the system to achieve the thickness of separation, does not meet the size requirements of coarse crushing area to continue falling back pulverized into powder qualified grading machine for sorting, finer powder into the cyclone collector after , the centrifugal force, along the cyclone powder rotating cylinder wall is decreased, the end of the inner cone is separated, after the separation into the pulse finer powder collector, the purified gas into the atmosphere via the induced draft fan. A negative pressure state in the whole system work.
Production process: feeding → Host → grading machine → cyclone collector → → pulse collector fan.

Analysis of impurities in silicon carbide crystal

Impurities in the silicon carbide crystal are: iron, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and silicon oxides and carbides, and their eutectic.
These impurities in the smelting furnace thermal power conditions, the temperature in the 2100 - 2200 ℃ is evaporated when discharged, move into the cooler areas of the furnace, only a small part of the carbide SiC crystals incorporated into the crystalline state lattice, forming a sheet-like fine crystal. The entire silicon carbide crystal brittle, poor toughness, low strength (which is in the processing of silicon carbide products, crushing, by sieve classification, the fine particles of silicon carbide SiC content of less than the content of coarse phenomenon proof).
The decomposition temperature of silicon carbide is greater than 2400 ℃, in the decomposition, while the silicon carbide containing various impurities in the crystal lattice due to a temperature rise at the same time, thermal power can be discharged, moved to the lower temperature zone. The silicon carbide crystal product purification. Longer refining time, impurities in the silicon carbide crystal with many crystals → decomposition → recrystallization, purification repeated several times, and then purification, crystal growth of silicon carbide, and then grow to grow large enough to form a dense of the crystal, the crystal reduces porosity.
Decomposition of silicon smelting, is essentially the product purification process. The more times the decomposition process, the product sufficient degree of purification, the more thorough the degree of purification, the more pure final product, the product less impurity content, the higher the toughness and strength, the more stable chemical properties.