Garnet multiple places of origin

China garnet sand origin especially Inner H&X Alumina Oxide, Jiangsu Lianyungang, Rizhao most representative. Inner garnet sand hardness, but mainly for the wind to wash the dust content is relatively large, the impact of cutting speed. In addition, mostly small workshop production, secluded inland transport costs are very high; Jiangsu Lianyungang garnet sand has been a major producer of domestic pomegranate sand, bright colors, hardness in general, open pit, mostly for local small workshop production, so the cost low-cost low cheap, quality control is not strict, often have a variety of impurities, often waterjet plug phenomenon. End, Lianyungang H&X china garnet government closed the mine, prohibit any person opened indiscriminate mining, which led to a very tight supply of garnet sand; Shandong Rizhao Garnet sand is deep mine, blackish dark red color, hardness, from the beginning the domestic market, is less well known and therefore another origin, supply capacity, quality and stability, maritime land are more convenient, the next few years China is a major producer of garnet sand.

The main varieties of garnet

The main species
Purple teeth black deposits in a H&X Carborundum Abrasives of native , mainly produced in many magmatic or metamorphic rocks , the majority of gem garnet found in alluvial placer . Purple teeth black garnet group minerals , chemical composition is more complex silicate minerals ( island silicates ) , usually A3B2 [SiO4] 3 said . Where A represents Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Fe2 +, Mn2 + and other divalent cations , B represents Al3 +, Fe3 +, Cr3 + and other trivalent cations . Crystal morphology was rhombic dodecahedron , or both H&X garnet sand three octahedral poly shape. Granular or massive aggregates . Affected by the composition of the garnet color , showing a variety of colors , which include red red series ' Pink ' purple ' orange ; yellow line includes yellow ' orange ' dense yellow' brownish yellow ; green line includes green ' olive ' yellow and green . Crystal display glass glossy surface , sub- adamantine luster , fracture noticeable oil sheen . Transparent to translucent . Homogeneous body , does not have pleochroism , no birefringence . Garnet can be divided into two series , six main varieties : almandine series ( pyrope , almandine , spessartine ) and andradite series ( uvarovite , grossular , andradite ) .

Historical legends garnet

Garnet in the Bronze Age has become a very popular gemstone , garnet was the ancient Egyptians also to beautify their costumes. The first four centuries of ancient Greece has been decorated with garnet bracelet . In 1842 , France Aube Pouan find treasures (Treasure of Pouan) , we found a five- century garnet and Germanic warriors buried with the bones . Leicestershire , UK Gold Garnet Charm found a 5th century . In a 6th century Frankish graves , found a hair clip decorated with garnet pin (Hairpin). In the 16th century, garnet is thought to protect the heart against the effects of toxins and plagues . In the Renaissance to the Victorian era produced by the Bohemian pyrope garnet as the main source was , but in the late 19th century , decorated with garnet bracelet and brooch (brooches) particularly widespread .
garnet supplier is the allegation that the first high priest of ancient Israel (High priest) Aaron wearing one color chest pocket (Hoshen) twelve jewels, on behalf of the tribe of Judah (Tribe of Judah). In Greek mythology, Kazakhstan at the end of Sri Lanka when Persephone returned to her eating pomegranate seeds , so she must return to the underworld within a certain time . Therefore Garnet represents loyalty, true and faithful . Besides, garnet in the " Koran" lit up the fourth heaven argument. Maintenance : the need for short-term defense salt per flooding filtered raise one day . If you pray with defense declared wish to write on , on both INCREDIBLE bowl , the long-term use can occur on the roots look like a bowl of strange phenomenon .
European Bohemian Garnet Museum : a sleeping centuries garnet red , her owner is black dew Juliet , then , Wu Lu Juliet is wearing While every stone of love , and her Goethe dating lover , she then convinced : garnet to bring good luck and happiness for their eternal love .

The crystal structure of garnet

garnets is a generic formula X3Y2 (SiO4) 3, silicate minerals (Silicate_minerals).
Garnet necklace
Garnet necklace
X where normally bivalent (divalent) of positive ions (Ca, Mg, Fe) occupy , and Y is where is a trivalent cation (Al, Fe, Cr) occupies , with a regular octahedron or the [SiO4] provided tetrahedral framework. Garnet crystal dodecahedron habit (crystal habit) most commonly found, but there is also a common habit recipe three octahedral (trapezohedron) (note here the "recipe three octahedral " in the main mineral literature will be called kite -shaped three-dimensional geometry THH (Deltoidal icositetrahedron)). They crystallize in the isometric crystal system , there are three equal -length axis and perpendicular to each other . garnet suppliers and will not appear cleavage (Cleavage), so when they burst under pressure will produce significant irregular pieces , a powerful natural crystal energy can bring unlimited inspiration and vitality.
On the market so-called " green garnet Bi " and garnet nothing to do , in fact, prehnite . Prehnite not green garnet , two completely different concepts . The grapes on the market take the side of the stone and green garnet , is nothing more than for financial gain . Value Demantoid very expensive diamond bid , the market is extremely rare.

Comparison of aluminum and silver

which can be adjusted to reduce the amount of silver to the background and modulated gray , silver and blue phase effects of different hues , adding a very small amount , convection flat with good role in promoting. Applied to the film material in the mill together , can not be directly applied , will produce satellites plus direct silicon carbide manufacturers , such as white spots , R01 best, direct dry mix without particles .
2, the sheet structure leafing aluminum extrusion in the grinding process will be damaged ( deformed or crushed ) , resulting in the color gray, it is generally a dry mix method .
Non- floating silver
Uniformly distributed parallel to the non- silver coating in the float , and thus the resin package, and therefore have good oxidation resistance and wear resistance , good weather resistance acid , no fingerprints , glossy surface , and colors can be adjusted from the bottom powder, but adding a large amount of silver compared to floating , floating silver metallic effect without strong whiter . 2, PCR \ DIS aluminum powder especially suitable for outdoor products , because there are inorganic coating layer , with good water resistance, weather resistance, chemical resistance ; though coated with silicon and other materials, but in the natural environment of exposure to Alumina Abrasive powder in the light and humidity conditions will soon change chemical Physics oxidation , thus weakening the metal sense , the film is dark gray , gray leaf spot , etc. appear . In order to solve such problems and abrasions and other problems, we recommend using transparent powder varnish . 3 , cover the bottom with a transparent bottom powder dosage test , the addition of silver flash can reach up to about 10% ; mixed with spraying process directly affects the spray and cover the results, please note the consistency of mixing and spraying , the more coarse particle flashes better. 4, due to the differences in the shape of silver particles , the density and the amount of charge with respect the powder will cause separation and impact of the powder. Using bonding techniques for bonding the powder and silver powder , the powder and the effect of greatly improved. 5 , aluminum can not change color temperature of 600 degrees .

The introduction of various aluminum products

Silver Aluminium hydroxide powder
Floating silver superfine large surface area , when it is exposed to air , its surface can be rapidly generated in a passive protective film , i.e., black oxide , sealing measures to be good , floating silver case not recommended for applications requiring alkali- 2 large , silver between batches have some differences , and by the process , spraying effects , in addition to need to try to maintain the stability of the production process , but should first test of reproduction , so ; , if required may be considered white pearl powder expand loss. 3 , ultra-fine silver amount 1-2% of the bottom cover , with the addition of a high wax AW500B 0.6% -1.5 % and the bottom of the cover can produce a strong metallic luster , the more the addition amount of silver white, the smaller the amount of blue , there is insufficient amount of black spots black silk added , or commonly known as the fly feces , overall blackish . 4 , floating silver flaky , always floating in the outermost layer of the coating , so the hardness and antioxidant properties blackened somewhat less , plus Indian consumer to get better hardness required to increase the hardening agent AS501, plus additional silver hard agent POL16, POL09 , etc., can not be heightening wax , gold and silver aluminum powder arrangement agent, polyethylene wax , mixing the longer the better.
Floating silver
1 , silver metallic , the stronger the smaller the particle size , hiding the stronger ; addition of too easy to produce powder and spit tip clogging phenomenon ; easy enough when you add the amount of black spots , flooding or fine stripes. R18, R01 and other effects of new silver dispersant is used as carrier SIO2 efficient dispersant, unlike ordinary silver dispersants , regardless of how much can be uniformly dispersed silver added no black spots ,

Optical properties of aluminum powder

Aluminium hydroxide by a light color, high- gloss aluminum metal , its smooth surface that reflects visible light, 60% -90% ultraviolet and infrared light , with the object containing aluminum powder paint coating , the surface of silver white light , this is the aluminum light reflection characteristics.
" Color effect" characteristic of aluminum powder
Since aluminum has a metallic luster and a characteristic to be coated parallel to, a vector containing a transparent pigment , a change in the gloss and color shades with aluminum angle of incidence of the incident light and the viewing angle of the light and color change , such feature is called " two-tone effect ." Aluminum in the coating film are arranged at different levels , when the incident light is irradiated to the layers of aluminum flakes , because by passing through the film thickness of the different type of weakening of the light reflected brightness is obviously different . When the inner light into the white fused alumina suppliers -containing layer and a transparent pigment , the pigment particles become incident through the colored light , and then after reflected different levels of aluminum , light metal , and a hue change will occur , and the viewing angle of the incident light gradual angle from the vertical position to move through the different light color and the number of particles of different particle sizes of aluminum , the hue of light reflected light can occur and the metal endless changes . This feature aluminum has been widely used in the paint, as hammer paint or metallic paint .
Floating aluminum powder characteristics
Pigment with a large variety of aluminum and aluminum paste is floating type , which is characterized by scaly film floating on the surface .
5 Application
Applications
Because aluminum has a silver-white metallic luster, so called aluminum silver or silver , its chemical composition is indeed " aluminum" , not " silver ." Applications: powder coating , ink, plastic masterbatch , printing, paper imitation gold , imitation Gold, gold film , textiles, but the use of water-based paints and paint with a pH of oxidized black. Not recommended for applications requiring a combination of acid rain and the occasion .