Artificial abrasive carbide series

Silicon carbide (C, GC)
Silicon carbide is quartz, petroleum coke based materials, wood flour, salt for the materials by a certain percentage after mixing into the resistance furnace, made by high temperature smelting artificial abrasives.
Black and green silicon carbide of two kinds: black is black or blue-black silicon carbide, green silicon carbide green or blue-green. In the manufacturing process, the production of green silicon carbide is characterized in that a more pure materials, charge added salt, which can promote the product is green. Green silicon carbide purity than black silicon carbide.
SiC does not react with any acid, but the basic silicon oxide can promote the decomposition of the melt.
Black silicon carbide abrasive and compared to artificial corundum, hardness, brittleness, suitable for processing of lower tensile strength of the metal and non-metallic materials, such as gray cast iron, brass, lead, metals, and ceramics, glass, stone and other hard brittle materials.
Green silicon carbide and black silicon carbide compared to its purity, hardness, brittleness higher, suitable for processing hard and brittle material, such as cemented carbide, glass, agate, but also widely used in measuring, cutting, grinding mold and aircraft, automobiles, ships and so on.

Natural abrasives

Everything in nature can be used for grinding or abrasive materials referred to as natural abrasives. Natural abrasives commonly used are the following:
1. Diamond
(A) for dressing grinding wheel;
(2) grinding and grinding hard materials (such as carbide, cameo glass, stone, etc.).
2. Natural corundum
(1) high-quality corundum (commonly known as the gem) has sapphire (Ti), ruby ??(chromium), etc.;
(2) Normal corundum, black or brown;
Natural corundum, the first one is mainly used for jewelry, two kinds can be used as abrasives, used to make wheel, Whetstone, sandpaper, emery cloth or fine powder, abrasive paste.

The main features of abrasive

The main features include abrasive abrasive, grain size, hardness, structure and bonding agent five factors. Depending on the choice of the appropriate applications can directly improve the processing quality and productivity.
1 Abrasive
Abrasives are used for abrasive corundum, white corundum, silicon carbide and green silicon carbide. Corundum high toughness, suitable for grinding carbon steel, alloy steel, malleable iron and hard bronze high tensile strength of the material. Corundum has a higher hardness than corundum, cutting performance is better, for hardened steel, high carbon steel, high speed tool materials such as grinding process; black silicon carbide, high hardness, brittle and sharp, suitable for grinding, Cut low tensile strength of the material, such as: cast iron, glass, ceramics, stone, refractory materials, etc.; darker green silicon carbide high purity silicon silicide. Suitable for grinding carbide, optical glass, precious stones, agate and other hard and brittle materials.
2 Granularity
The choice depends on the particle surface of the workpiece machining accuracy and productivity requirements. Coarse-grained and medium-grained abrasive for roughing and semi-finishing, and fine-grained abrasive, it applies to finishing and super finishing. Physical and mechanical properties are grinding department also factors that determine particle size, low hardness, ductility and toughness of the material is appropriate to coarse-grained abrasive machining, high hardness brittle materials appropriate to fine-grained abrasive.
(3) Organizational
Organization refers to the abrasive grinding composition of the abrasive, bond and porosity volume ratio between the three. Less abrasive, large porosity called loose tissue, otherwise tightly organized. Tightly organized abrasive, should be used for grinding, profile grinding and processing remain small while the surface finish of the workpiece; moderate organization is widely used in the general allowance abrasive grinding work piece; loose abrasive organizations apply in the plane of the inner circle and other large contact surface grinding and grinding expansion sensitive soft material of the workpiece and the workpiece.
4 Hardness
Abrasive abrasive surface is fixed to the strength of the binding agent. Or under external force, the degree of difficulty shedding, known abrasive hardness.
Points, with natural and artificial abrasive abrasive categories. Commonly used in machinery industry is only natural abrasive Whetstone. Artificial abrasive characteristics according to the basic shape and structure of the distinction between a grinding wheel, grinding, stone, sand tile and coated abrasives five. In addition, it is customary also put abrasives abrasive as a class.
In addition to grinding and other metal processing machinery manufacturing industry has been widely used, but also for food processing, paper industry and the ceramics, glass, stone, plastic, rubber, wood and other non-metal materials processing.

Green silicon carbide grinding wheel

Green silicon carbide grinding wheel Green silicon carbide (GC) combined with abrasive through repression and then fired at high temperature.
Green silicon carbide grinding wheels are mounted on high speed exceeds 35m / s using the grinder. Therefore, the use of more effective than ordinary speed 35M / S wheel well, grinding power, smoothness characteristics.
The speed of the wheel relative to the wheel speed is normal, the normal wheel speed of 35 m / s (35m / s), and the speed of green silicon carbide wheel speed up to 40 m / s (40m / s), 45 m / s (45m / s), 50 m / s (50m / s).
Is used in the production of green silicon carbide abrasive basis, plus the relevant binder is then fired at high temperatures for finishing a qualifying examination into the finished product. Green silicon carbide abrasive wheel is characterized by high hardness, relatively sharp abrasive grain has good electric conductivity, brittle. When used with high speed grinding wheel can be greatly improved productivity. Lower production costs.
                 

Silicon carbide refractories

Carbide silicon refractory with high strength, thermal conductivity, good shock resistance, anti-oxidation, anti-wear, anti-corrosion and other excellent high temperature performance, is a high quality refractories. In metallurgy, energy, chemical and other industries widely used.
Initially silicon carbide refractory to clay, SiO2, silicates, mullite as the binding agent, with the application of high-tech means, the new silicon carbide products are widely developed. Such as: silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide, silicon nitride oxide bonded silicon carbide, reaction bonded silicon carbide, recrystallized silicon carbide, silicon infiltration method silicon carbide SiC. They are more excellent high temperature performance, so that the silicon carbide refractories continue to enter new areas of application.
A recrystallization of silicon carbide refractories
The purification of the silicon carbide powder and superfine powder, mixed with a certain amount of binding agent, after forming firing at 2200 ~ 2400 ℃. Recrystallization between the silicon carbide particles, and directly bonded silicon carbide content of 99%. Representing various combinations of the above-phase silicon carbide products, recrystallized silicon carbide products, with higher thermal mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, thermal shock resistance and oxidation resistance, is a high quality silicon carbide refractories. The United States in the late 1930s, the successful development of recrystallized silicon carbide products. For decades, the United States, Germany, Britain has a large production. Our research in this area has made great progress, for mass production.
Second, the infiltration of silicon carbide refractories law
Siliconized silicon carbide products in France and recrystallized silicon carbide products based on liquid or vapor infiltration of silicon, so that recrystallization of silicon carbide filled pores to generate more dense SiSiC, more excellent performance. At present, China is conducting SiSiC process and performance aspects of the research, there are small batch production.
In short, the silicon carbide refractories excellent performance, has been recognized, has been widely applied. Currently, high-performance silicon carbide refractories is still in research and development stage, the excellent performance of silicon carbide from play, reduce costs starting to fully grasp the material composition, microstructure and property relationships, is a guarantee of future production With further studies, will gradually expand its field of application, the market prospect is extremely broad.

Natural abrasives

Everything in nature can be used for grinding or abrasive materials referred to as natural abrasives. Natural abrasives commonly used are the following:
1. Diamond
(A) for dressing grinding wheel;
(2) grinding and grinding hard materials (such as carbide, cameo glass, stone, etc.).
2. Natural corundum
(1) high-quality corundum (commonly known as the gem) has sapphire (Ti), ruby ??(chromium), etc.;
(2) Normal corundum, black or brown fused alumina;
Natural corundum, the first one is mainly used for jewelry, two kinds can be used as abrasives, used to make wheel, Whetstone, sandpaper, emery cloth or fine powder, abrasive paste.

Identification of synthetic silicon carbide

1 Color nearly colorless to pale yellow, green and gray, domestic seen most of the sample gray-blue and gray-green.
2 Transparency and size: up gem crystal requirements.
3 crystal and optical properties: hexagonal, one-axis crystal optical properties.
4 Refractive index and dispersion degree: Synthetic high refractive index of silicon carbide, 2.65 ~ 2.69; with strong birefringence, and its bi-fold rate 0.043, synthetic silicon carbide dispersion degree is very large, is 0.104.
5 Thermal conductivity: Thermal conductivity of silicon carbide synthesized 116 ~ 418ca l? Cm ℃, the thermal conductivity of diamond 0155 ~
117ca l? Cm ℃, hence the thermal conductivity meter detects when the synthesis of silicon carbide with diamonds, a diamond reactions.
6 Conductivity: electrical conductivity meter testing, electrically conductive synthetic silicon carbide. In addition to the diamond? B-type, the other is not normally conducting various types.

Microsilica on properties of concrete repair materials

Gold companies have a large number of plant roads reinforced concrete structure, in which the plant every day, a large amount of internal plant raw fuel transporter, lifting, storage, and transport of these raw materials and fuels, lifting, storage, many of which are required as a concrete structure support,
These concrete daily load is great, but also the inevitable result of the support of the original fuel transport, lifting, storage of damaged concrete structures, reinforced concrete structures on the surface once they are damaged, there would bare reinforced leak over time will rust oxidation, it will affect the entire structure, and even affect the safety of the entire concrete structure, so the concrete surface repair damaged and soon reached the intensity of use is particularly important, otherwise it will affect the to the normal production of metallurgical enterprises.
Concrete repair material is used in the repair of concrete surfaces damaged a building material, as a repair material, the objective requirements of its high early strength, good durability, good surface finish. Currently in concrete repair materials were mostly used fly ash or blast furnace slag, fly ash and blast furnace slag in concrete repair materials excessive dosage will reduce the early strength of concrete repair materials, and reduce its wear resistance, Use ineffective, and do not adapt to the current actual situation of metallurgical enterprises,
Currently, people in the study patching compound mixed with silica relatively few people on the concrete repair materials have become increasingly demanding, which requires a higher early strength, but also requires a better constructability, also called better surface effect, which in this study of microsilica addition on the performance of repair materials, through a number of experiments confirmed that silica can increase the number of performance concrete repair materials, repair materials were mixed with silica in the meet concrete repair materials currently increasingly stringent requirements.

Silicon carbide powder production process

Silicon carbide powder production process, characterized by the following steps:
(A) take the silicon carbide raw material, crushing machine, crushing and sieving to not more than 5mm of silicon carbide particles, and then shaping machine shaping them to no more than 2mm of silicon carbide particles, and the particles of which accounted for 80 Oval % or more, and then its acid cleaning, drying;
(2) above the dry mill with silicon carbide particles smash into d50 = 9.5-11.5μm silicon carbide powder, crushed when the mill is set to host the current 65-75A, fan flow is set to 40 - 50m3/min, analysis machine speed of 400 - 600 rpm / min;
(3) and then use the vortex air classifier silicon carbide powder grading, grading, vortex flow fan air classifier is 25-43m3/min, classifier wheel rotational speed of 2600 - 3300 rev / min, from grading mouth ceded ds94 = 6.5-5.5μm particle size of the finished product A, cyclone separation ds94 ≤ 5.5μm mouth semi-finished products;
(4) The cyclone vortex air classifier mouth separated by semi-impeller type air classifier and then a second grading, grading, impeller fan air classifier flow 25-10m3/min, classifier wheel rotational speed of 1300 - 1700 rev / min, separated from the particle size classification mouth ds94 = 4.5-3.0μm finished product B, then the separated product cyclone mouth.

Silicon carbide no medium crushing processing line introduced

With the development and application of new materials, silicon carbide (sic) materials because of their unique nature of engineering ceramics, abrasives, refractories, chemicals, power, and smelting and casting industry has a wide range of uses. Foreign merchants silicon carbide materials, not only its chemical composition has its stringent index requirements, and the physical properties of materials and particle shapes have special requirements, such as the shape of the product to be shaped spherical body, not a "false particles "plot fit exists. Not only its true specific gravity, there are strict requirements, but the bulk density of the material also has strict requirements regulations. Bulk density, particle shape is not good, poor toughness and strength of silicon carbide raw materials, lack of competitiveness in the domestic market.
The current domestic production of silicon carbide processing status of the process
China abrasive industry still do not own a professional processing equipment, mining machinery generally borrow for crushing operations. Currently, refractories commonly used abrasive machining equipment and processes are: jaw crusher crushing - double roller crusher crushing - crushing mill - wheeled dry mill for shaping. These processing equipment, primarily using extrusion crushing and grinding works. Although in a certain range can satisfy the market needs, but low efficiency, large power consumption, particle shape difference, process complexity, difficult to maintain equipment, with a high production cost, a more serious harm broken silicon carbide in the processing process, because silicon carbide high hardness crusher body causing severe wear, so that the product into a mechanical "iron" particularly large, resulting in "iron" pollution, contaminated broken material must be disposed of by pickling "iron" before applying, Not only the high processing costs, large material loss by processing factors affecting the amount of processing and production, but also for the environment can also cause serious harm.
Metallic iron and its oxides, non-metallic materials, a hundred harm harmful elements in silicon carbide materials, also has a very strict limit indicator, ultra indicators on the waste.
Third, seek scientific advanced crushing equipment, in order to change the current "iron contamination" sexual processes.
Analysis of traditional processing crushing process, resulting in "iron" pollution mainly from the milling process "crushing" and wheel grinding machine "shaping" process, Mohs hardness of 13 abrasive machining of silicon carbide, will crusher ball and lining board causing severe wear, the general consumption of iron wear around 2-3 ‰, this material without acid treatment is not available, therefore, based on the general status of the domestic industry, urgently seeking an alternative to conventional crushing equipment no medium crushing equipment, removing impurities from the fundamental "iron" and other hard targets elements for set of crushing and shaping as one of the crushing equipment is the industry's pursuit of goals colleagues over the years to meet the engineering ceramic industry for high-purity silicon carbide requirements. To this end, the author examines the test repeated after a long think: PL vertical impact crusher is fully able to meet without the "iron contamination" and other processing equipment due to pollution caused by its own requirements, and processing of the product particle shape, was authalic shape, bulk density, a change in the traditional processing status quo.
PL vertical impact crusher is a new type of material and material from the impact crusher. It uses "rock stone" principle, the use of the material in the high-speed rotation of the impeller speed, whirl the crusher cavity material itself occurs carom crushing principle, the material almost no contact with the body, greatly reducing the material of the "iron contamination." , processed products such as grain shape is cubic plot, along with coarse crushing, fine crushing and shaping dual role.
Vertical impact crusher traditional uses are: processing broken, bauxite, refractory, slag and soft non-metallic materials. Processing capacity is very large, efficiency is particularly high, but no one dared to be used in the domestic crushing process commonly known as "industrial teeth" of silicon carbide, a reference value can not get involved in the technical data and can learn from the successful experience in corporate leadership support, To be prudent, we are in the overall process production line design finalized before the crusher producers with the assistance of the scene into a total of 80 tons of high quality dense silicon carbide blocks of material were heavy-duty, high-strength industrial test, identification of the machinery The various properties of the device, production capacity, the service life of wear, and the production cost and economic efficiency.
After many years of production practice, the production line is stable, simple structure, high efficiency, high crushing efficiency, with a crushing, broken features, easy to maintain, easy to operate. Overcome the traditional processing equipment, inefficient, badly worn body, maintenance difficulties and shortcomings of high overhead costs and greatly reduce the material of the "iron contamination" phenomenon exists, and finished materials such as particle shape into a cube-shaped or plot, no "false particles "phenomenon, along with the collection" broken "and" plastic "once processing is completed the dual role. Basic realization of the non-media processing purposes.

Silicon carbide powder production process

Silicon carbide powder production process, characterized by the following steps:
(A) take the silicon carbide raw material, crushing machine, crushing and sieving to not more than 5mm of silicon carbide particles, and then shaping machine shaping them to no more than 2mm of silicon carbide particles, and the particles of which accounted for 80 Oval % or more, and then its acid cleaning, drying;
(2) above the dry mill with silicon carbide particles smash into d50 = 9.5-11.5μm silicon carbide powder, crushed when the mill is set to host the current 65-75A, fan flow is set to 40 - 50m3/min, analysis machine speed of 400 - 600 rpm / min;
(3) and then use the vortex air classifier silicon carbide powder grading, grading, vortex flow fan air classifier is 25-43m3/min, classifier wheel rotational speed of 2600 - 3300 rev / min, from grading mouth ceded ds94 = 6.5-5.5μm particle size of the finished product A, cyclone separation ds94 ≤ 5.5μm mouth semi-finished products;
(4) The cyclone vortex air classifier mouth separated by semi-impeller type air classifier and then a second grading, grading, impeller fan air classifier flow 25-10m3/min, classifier wheel rotational speed of 1300 - 1700 rev / min, separated from the particle size classification mouth ds94 = 4.5-3.0μm finished product B, then the separated product cyclone mouth.

The corundum Production and frit structure

Production:
White fused alumina smelting the frit law and dumping and French.
White corundum and corundum smelting different points: the production of white fused alumina, construction of lining materials are generally white corundum sand or aluminum oxide powder. Received a package sub-pin linerless definitely connected with package and there are lining then package the. The linerless access package to be forced water cooling, backed commonly used graphite or white fused alumina refractory products for the bag lining.
The frit production of white fused alumina, the lining requires good insulation properties, and good air permeability, furnace of a lining and lining two. There lining generally require the use of sintered products, linerless thermal loss usually accounts for more than 24% of the energy consumption of the products lining heat loss accounted for only about 4%.
Structure:
Superstructure: The superstructure is a solid, porous lamellae, the lower part is often the folder fine crystals of how cylindrical holes.
Stoves: a solid structure, porosity, the central part more developed, large tracts of glassy,porous, and the different shapes of the crystals, white in color, mostly gray and dark gray. In the lower part: coarse crystalline, compact structure, color white, crystalline gloss best.
Edge: crystal, but more loose, mostly columnar or granular crystal block, and has a hole, the Ministry of sidelined with a microcrystalline corundum.

Production of silicon carbide powder Step

1 ball mill) whichever is silicon carbide raw materials, pieces through the crusher, and screened to a is not greater than the of the silicon carbide particles of 5mm, and then shaping machine of its carried out that the shaping to not more is greater than the of the silicon carbide particles of 2mm, and the of which oval-shaped particles accounted for 80 shake Beds.% or more, the re-to its to carried out the The pickling may be detrashed, dried;
(2) will the silicon carbide particles in the the above-mentioned after drying with a milling dryer crushed into d50 = 9.5-11.5μm the silicon carbide powder of while comminuting, when, the milling machine host current is set to 65-75A, fan flow is is set to 40 - 50m3/min analysis speed of 400 - 600 rev / min;
(3) and silicon carbide powder with a vortex air classifier grading, grading, the vortex air classifier fan flow 25-43m3/min, the classifier wheel speed 2600 - 3300 rev / min, from the grading port separation of particle size DS9 Hammer Crusher 4 = 6.5-5.5μm finished A whirlwind port separation of the ds94 ≤ 5.5 of semi-finished products; factory new: flotation machine, jaw broken stone, gravel equipment, jaw crusher , rotary kiln and other equipment has passed ISO9001 international quality system certification.
(4) the vortex air classifier Cyclones mouth separation of semi-finished impeller air classifier and then the second grading, grading, the impeller air classifier fan flow 25-10m3/min classifier wheel speed of 1300 - 1700 rev / min, separated from the mouth grading ds94 = 4.5-3.0μm particle size of the finished product B, the Cyclones port separated by-products.
Sieving:
Sieving the granules, powders into different particle size segment. Single vibration screening machine can be equipped with up to 4 layer screen, continuous sort 2-5 fraction and control a narrow particle size range. Magnetic separator
Sieve out the impurities:
High performance screening machine in the process of the high flow, can quickly remove the separation of the low percentage of large particles or small particles of pulp. The vibration screening function of the various types of slurry of insoluble solids rapid removal and continuous slag.

A few easy and studious garnet identification methods

1, garnet color super-brilliant super-transparent, if the price is cheap, the majority have a problem, because they are cheap suffer a great deal.
2, See batt impurities, garnet inside easily with black spots, ice crack.
3, Garnet heavier than the average crystal, hold in your hands weigh lighter than powder, it is necessary to doubt.
4, Garnet delicate, feel very slippery surface, feels quite comfortable and oil feeling to not powder "glass" feeling.
How to identify garnet is good or bad:
Garnet color from several aspects as:
1, the lighter the color the better. Garnet crystal born color than other heavy and hard to come by, so light color. Kind of a read talk like black fineness worst.
2, as transparent as possible. Any crystals are like this, so we must not be the language of the unscrupulous businessmen deceived.
, Binglie as little as possible. Any crystal.
4, based on the garnet Price from low to high is divided into three color: purple, rosy red, burgundy.

What is silicon carbide

Recrystallization of silicon carbide grains in general, coarse, low toughness, but the refractoriness can significantly improve, its compressive strength, toughness, and grain size of the very wide use of this material, and in an atmosphere of silicon, far excellent corundum refractories.
At present, only the individual manufacturers, silicon carbide material deep processing, you can continue on the basis of the production of silicon carbide powder. Silicon carbide making refractories, board, brick and smelting vessel and other forms and specifications.
Press of a binding material can is divided into to silica for binding of the, clays binding of the, combination of of the three oxidation II to of aluminum combined and the a silicon nitride of the. Silicon carbide is a wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant and high temperature materials, in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, the temperature up to 2200 ° C, is still up to 1600 ° C under oxidizing conditions, but because of the refractoriness of the bonding material is low, resulting in silicon carbide refractoriness of the products reduced, such as: silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide decomposed at 1350 ℃.
So self-bonded silicon carbide, you can have a high refractoriness. Its basic principle is the beta crystalline form of the alpha crystalline form of silicon carbide in high temperature conditions, so that occurrence of crystal transition, it is also known as the recrystallization of silicon carbide.

The corundum Production and frit structure

Production:
White fused alumina smelting the frit law and dumping and French.
White corundum and corundum smelting different points: the production of white fused alumina, construction of lining materials are generally white corundum sand or aluminum oxide powder. Received a package sub-pin linerless definitely connected with package and there are lining then package the. The linerless access package to be forced water cooling, backed commonly used graphite or white fused alumina refractory products for the bag lining.
??The frit production of white fused alumina, the lining requires good insulation properties, and good air permeability, furnace of a lining and lining two. There lining generally require the use of sintered products, linerless thermal loss usually accounts for more than 24% of the energy consumption of the products lining heat loss accounted for only about 4%.
Structure:
Superstructure: The superstructure is a solid, porous lamellae, the lower part is often the folder fine crystals of how cylindrical holes.
Stoves: a solid structure, porosity, the central part more developed, large tracts of glassy, ??porous, and the different shapes of the crystals, white in color, mostly gray and dark gray. In the lower part: coarse crystalline, compact structure, color white, crystalline gloss best.
Edge: crystal, but more loose, mostly columnar or granular crystal block, and has a hole, the Ministry of sidelined with a microcrystalline corundum.

The garnet identify good or bad depends on two aspects

First, look at the color, where the emerald green garnet is the most expensive.
Transparency to see the particles, the particles are more transparent, the better the quality. So, we generally say pure bright color, high transparency Garnet is the most expensive. Say the following of other some garnet identification of good and bad indicators.
As for the identification of the garnet is good or bad, these are the main two aspects, of course, there are other aspects, such as fewer defects than defects seem more comfortable people, process and made out of different styles, value is different, beautiful style of course, have a lot to himself or herself, the price will certainly be higher here is that the high price of garnet is not necessarily good quality, some very beautiful garnet decoration, the impression also good, but contains many impurities, color impure, it is not considered a good garnet, therefore, to remind you, garnet is good or bad is not strictly proportional to the price. Some garnet is a mixture of different types of garnet, they look very enchanting, but the quality is very bad indeed, attract people's attention, selling price or full high, that we must pay attention, buy garnet the time, pay attention to the two points mentioned above, the color is as pure as possible, not look prettier the better.
Garnet there are many varieties, including emerald green, grain transparent is a rare species. Mozambique garnet production, the price is also very high, most of the domestic garnet color black, and the price is lower. Most important evaluation garnet color, the color should be bright and pure, followed by higher transparency, so processed precious stones bright "fire"; Again, fewer defects, style to the United States; the size of the general varieties value is smaller. Note starlight and cat's eye gemstone, if the color is garnet, 5 lines, or liner, is a higher value varieties. Universal MF R3M2 (SiO4) 3, R represents a divalent elements (calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese), M is a trivalent element (Al, Fe, Cr), R and M, the type of composition will form a different garnet subspecies, some garnet or even a mixture of different combinations of garnet.
Although different species of garnet, different colors, refractive index, specific gravity and hardness are slightly different, but all are garnet crystal system, single refractive gems, dichroic and polarizing. Common gemstone garnet and features Color: almandine, maroon; pyrope, red; manganese aluminum garnet, orange and yellow; grossular, yellow-green; andradite, green; magnesium iron garnet and Rose red and uvarovite, and emerald green. As a general appreciation or customer, there is no need to determine the garnet species, if we can understand that they are really garnet can. And garnet similar gems on the market is not much, mainly ruby ??red zircon, spinel, synthetic yttrium aluminum garnet, gadolinium gallium garnet and glass imitation products.
Distinguish is: given red stone, red zircon has a dichroic red zircon with a strong double shadow, and garnet goes for, so easy to distinguish with pomegranate; spinel generally lighter in color, detailed identification to use the instrument. The colored natural garnet has some flaws or crystalline inclusions (such as needle-shaped stone, some of the gas-liquid two-phase inclusions, etc.), and Y. A G. , G. G. G. And glass are often very clean, or spherical bread crumb-like bubbles, Chelsea showed a strong red. In fact, for certain garnet, it can also have their own unique characteristics, such as demantoid (green andradite variants) tend to have a "tail-like" fiber inclusions, experienced a glance be seen.

Garnet authentication method

Garnet there are many varieties, including emerald green, grain transparent is a rare species. Mozambique garnet production, the price is also very high, most of the domestic garnet color black, and the price is lower. Most important evaluation garnet color, the color should be bright and pure, followed by higher transparency, so processed precious stones bright "fire"; Again, fewer defects, style to the United States; the size of the general varieties value is smaller. Note starlight and cat's eye gemstone, if the color is garnet, 5 lines, or liner, is a higher value varieties. Universal MF R3M2 (SiO4) 3, R represents a divalent elements (calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese), M is a trivalent element (Al, Fe, Cr), R and M, the type of composition will form a different garnet subspecies, some garnet or even a mixture of different combinations of garnet.
Although different species of garnet, different colors, refractive index, specific gravity and hardness are slightly different, but all are garnet crystal system, single refractive gems, dichroic and polarizing. Common gemstone garnet and features Color: almandine, maroon; pyrope, red; manganese aluminum garnet, orange and yellow; grossular, yellow-green; andradite, green; magnesium iron garnet and Rose red and uvarovite, and emerald green. As a general appreciation or customer, there is no need to determine the garnet species, if we can understand that they are really garnet can. And garnet similar gems on the market is not much, mainly ruby ??red zircon, spinel, synthetic yttrium aluminum garnet, gadolinium gallium garnet and glass imitation products.
Distinguish is: given red stone, red zircon has a dichroic red zircon with a strong double shadow, and garnet goes for, so easy to distinguish with pomegranate; spinel generally lighter in color, detailed identification to use the instrument. The colored natural garnet has some flaws or crystalline inclusions (such as needle-shaped stone, some of the gas-liquid two-phase inclusions, etc.), and Y. A G. , G. G. G. And glass are often very clean, or spherical bread crumb-like bubbles, Chelsea showed a strong red. In fact, for certain garnet, it can also have their own unique characteristics, such as demantoid (green andradite variants) tend to have a "tail-like" fiber inclusions, experienced a glance be seen.

The silicon carbide relevant knowledge

Pure silicon carbide is colorless and transparent crystal. Industrial silicon carbide kind and content of the impurities contained in the type, and the pale yellow, green, blue or even black, transparency varies with its purity. Silicon carbide crystal structure is divided into hexagonal or rhombohedral and cube.
Industrial production method of silicon carbide refining quality quartz sand and petroleum coke in a resistance furnace. Refining silicon carbide blocks, crushing, acid washing, magnetic separation and screening or water-elect made ​​of various size products.
Silicon carbide, black silicon carbide, green silicon carbide two commonly used base of the species are the alpha-SiC. (1) Black silicon carbide SiC-containing about 95% of its toughness is higher than green silicon carbide, mostly for the processing of tensile strength materials, such as glass, ceramic, stone, refractory materials, cast iron and non-ferrous metals. (2) Green silicon carbide containing more than about 97% of the SiC, good self-sharpening, mostly for processing hard alloy, titanium alloy and optical glass, but also for honing cylinder liners and grinding high-speed steel cutting tools. In addition to the cubic silicon carbide, which is based on a special process to take the yellow-green crystals, abrasive suitable for bearings used in the production of super finishing, make the surface roughness Ra32 to 0.16 micron processing time Ra0.04 ~~ 0.02 microns. 
Silicon carbide, chemical stability, high thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, good wear resistance, except for abrasive, there are many other uses, example: a special process the silicon carbide powder coating on the turbine impeller or cylinder body wall, improve the wear resistance and extended service life of 1 to 2 times; which made ​​of high-grade refractory materials, thermal shock resistance, small size, lightweight, high strength, good energy saving effect. A low-grade silicon carbide (SiC-containing approximately 85%) is excellent deoxidizer, it can accelerate the the steelmaking speed, and easy to control the chemical composition, to improve the quality of the steel. In addition, silicon carbide is used extensively for the production of electric heating elements silicon carbide.

The Garnet sources and optical properties

The garnet, ancient China, known as purple crow black or the Ziya black is a group in the Bronze Age has been used for precious stones and abrasive minerals. The common garnet red, but its kind of color is very broad enough to cover the entire spectrum of colors. Product garnet from the Latin, may be provided by the Punica granatum comes, it is a red-seed plants, similar to the shape, size and color are part of the garnet crystal. Common garnet in response to its chemical composition and recognized six types, namely pyrope, almandine, spessartine, andradite, calcium aluminum garnet (variant tsavorite and cinnamon Stone The) and uvarovite. Garnet formation of two solid solution series: 1. Pyrope - almandine - spessartine and 2. Uvarovite - grossular - andradite Stone.

Optical properties: different types of garnet have many different colors, including red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, brown, black, pink and transparent. One of the most rare blue garnet, in the late 1990s in Beiji Li, Madagascar, the first to be found. In addition, in parts of the United States, Russia and Turkey also disappeared. Because of the relationship between the high vanadium content, the color in incandescent light from blue-green to purple. Some other types of garnet has a color nature. In daylight, their color categories green, beige, brown, gray and blue; but in incandescent light, they appear pink, purple or pink. Because they turn color characteristics, such garnet is often mistaken for chrysoberyl. Opaque the lightwave transmission properties of a variety of garnet gem quality transparent samples to industrial abrasives have. The luster of the mineral can be classified into glass and resins.

The effectiveness of the role of garnet

Physiological effects:
1, Garnet helps to improve the problems of human blood, promote blood circulation, enhance vitality, and thus can play a beauty effect can be played, so it can be said Garnet is the first choice of Ms. jewelry.
2, garnet helps you quickly regain their strength and enhance the vitality and vigor, for people who often stays up late, overtime, you can make it positive to recuperate.
Garnet can enhance the vitality of the wearer's charm and affinity, garnet correspond to the body's chakra, helps to improve the function of the reproductive system, enhance sexual performance. Can enhance their own cell regeneration, and the ability to fast wound healing. For women, the garnet can effectively improve gynecological problems, improve the inner loop.
4, garnet hormone secretion and blood circulation certain stimulus, health beneficial to the reproductive system and related organs, can be garnet on the site of the bottom of the tailbone in the back of the spine, slowly feel the vibration, can purify the spleen , is said to be effective for arthritis, but if it is best to avoid doing so, in order to avoid harm of sensitivity to this approach not psychologically prepared. Garnet is said also to prevent snake bites and food poisoning.
Psychological Effects:
1, garnet can make confident, fight depression, can help people face the wounds of the past memories, eliminate hearts troubles, bring happy joy;
2, evil spirits Huasha the, good luck, bring happiness and good, is not known as a the external violation supporter stone;
3, Garnet is January birthday stone represents loyalty, love, chastity, can bring happiness and eternal love can make people have an irresistible charm, improve temperament.
In addition to the effect and role of the above garnet, different colors of garnet corresponding force and effect is not the same. Green garnet to strengthen their vitality, charm, to improve gynecological problems; contribute to the body's ability to regenerate, accelerate wound healing; eliminate worry and depression, people feel good; the green energy Fortunately energy, wearing green pomegranate Stone can improve their luck. Red garnet, very suitable for weak constitutions, the blood does not transfer women, you can add three energy to improve the inner loop and gynecological diseases.

Green silicon carbide polishing 5

Content of not less than 99% of the silicon carbide crystal was a green sheen, which we call green silicon carbide. Green silicon carbide wheel code GC grinding wheel for machining carbide, glass, ceramics, and non-metallic materials, but also for a semiconductor material, high temperature silicon carbide heating member, a far-infrared source substrate.
1, green silicon carbide abrasive high-purity, large crystals of silicon carbide raw material, ensure the excellent cutting performance and stability to the physical state of the cutting of silicon carbide fine powder;
2, the particle size of the shape of the plot with the blade edge, to ensure that the silicon carbide powder as a self-sharpening cutting equalization, in order to ensure the minimization of the material being cut TTV;
3, the particle size distribution is concentrated and uniformly;
4, there is a high thermal shock resistance and load softening temperature, which ensures that the minimum coefficient of linear expansion in the cutting load , thus ensuring the stability of the cutting; and cutting machines, and capable of a very good fit;
5, the surface after special treatment, powder with a large specific surface area and a clean appearance, good cutting fluid with polyethylene glycol, etc. compatibility.

The corundum use range

Corundum called the dental industry: mainly used in refractory material, grinding wheel, sand blasting.
1, sandblasting corundum - sandblasting abrasive hardness is moderate, high bulk density, no free silica, heavy, good toughness, Okay corundum is the ideal "green" blasting material, widely used in aluminum copper profile glass, washing jeans precision molds and other fields; 2 free grinding - grinding grade abrasives, applied to the picture tube, optical glass, silicon, lenses, clocks, glass, crystal glass, jade and other areas of free grinding, is widely used by domestic abrasive materials; 3, resin, Abrasives - Abrasive have the right color, hardness, toughness, suitable particle cross-section type and edge retention, is applied to the resin abrasive, the results are satisfactory;
Coated abrasives - abrasive sandpaper, gauze and other manufacturers of raw materials; 5, corundum functional filler - mainly used in automotive brake parts, special tires, specialty building products such as collar can be used as construction of highway pavement, runways, docks, parking lots, industrial floors, sports venues and other wear-resistant materials; 6, the filter media - the abrasive new applications, the bottom of the filter bed of particulate media for media to purify drinking water or waste water new water filtration materials at home and abroad, especially for non-ferrous mineral processing, oil drilling mud weighting agent.
Customer base: washing plant, denim sandblasting workshops, shipyards, ship repair yards, steel mills, grinding wheels, sandpaper, emery cloth factory, blasting industry and other types of users need abrasive. Reliable, stable performance, the hardness of about 10 degrees, high quality, easy to use.

The garnet varieties of species

According to the the Asian Gemmological Association (GIG) local jade research report: purple teeth black primary deposit a variety of mainly produced in many igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks, the majority of gem-quality garnet found in alluvial placer.
Purple teeth black garnet group minerals the complex chemistry silicate minerals (nesosilicate), usually with A3B2 [SiO4] 3. Wherein A represents Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Fe2 +, Mn2 + and other divalent cations, B said Al3 +, Fe3 +, Cr3 + trivalent cations. Crystal morphology of the rhombic dodecahedron, the four corners of octahedral or both poly shape. Aggregate granular or lumpy.
Garnet color influenced by composition effects, showing a variety of colors, including red series includes red ink 'purple' orange; yellow series the yellow 'orange' dense yellow 'brown yellow; green series includes green' olive green 'yellow-green. Crystal surface is glass luster, sub-adamantine luster, fracture significant oil sheen. Transparent to translucent. Homogeneous body does not have multi-color, no birefringence.
Garnet can be divided into two series, six main varieties: the almandine Series (pyrope, almandine, manganese aluminum garnet) and andradite series (uvarovite, calcium aluminum garnet andradite).

Characteristics of aluminum oxide abrasive corundum

1 high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high strength and other properties, it is pouring steel sliding outlet, smelting rare metals, special alloys, ceramics, blast furnace lining (walls and tubes); physical and chemical containers, spark plugs, heat resistance oxide coating. 2 due to the hardness, wear resistance, high strength characteristics, the chemical system, used as reaction vessels and pipes, chemical pump components; doing mechanical parts, all kinds of mold, such as wire drawing dies, extrusion pencil mandrel mouth; tools, dies abrasive, bullet-proof material, human joints, sealing mold ring. 3 corundum insulation materials, such as corundum light brick, corundum hollow spheres and fiber products, widely used in a variety of high-temperature kiln furnace wall and roof, both high temperature insulation.
Corundum sand grain size artificial selection of corundum block, using equipment from the processing on the roll, ball milling, Barmac. Mainly used for polishing, grinding, industrial grinding, washing, pickling according to customer requirements methods such as processing, to meet the different needs of customers. Low-carbon corundum after the reprocessing of the blast furnace and special process, reducing the the corundum residual carbon content, the product in use powder, not burst, toughness is the preferred raw material for abrasives industry, refractory industry. Mainly used in ceramic abrasive, high-grade abrasive, organic abrasive belt, coated abrasives, according to the residual carbon content is divided into: calcined corundum, low-carbon corundum, corundum.

Silicon carbide cutting material

Silicon carbide cutting material for monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, GaAs, quartz crystal, such as wire cutting. The high purity crystalline silicon carbide raw material to ensure excellent cutting performance and stability to the physical state of the cutting of silicon carbide material.
Industry sources have said so: "silicon carbide cutting material is a tool in the hands of the photovoltaic business, who have the best tools, whoever occupies the best cutting opportunities. Is easy to see from this statement silicon carbide cutting material in the slice industry's position is pivotal.
With the dwindling oil and coal and other traditional energy, the energy crisis is imminent, solar inexhaustible, clean environment, safety and reliability and other unique advantages to become human to solve the energy crisis, environmental pollution and global warming preferred new energy.

The thermal conductivity of the silicon carbide substrate PK sapphire

The thermal conductivity of the silicon carbide substrate (silicon carbide thermal conductivity of 490W / (m · K)) and more than 10 times higher than that of the sapphire substrate. Sapphire is a poor conductor of heat, and the bottom of the production of the device requires the use of silver plastic solid crystal, silver plastic heat transfer performance is very poor.
Chip electrode using a silicon carbide substrate is L-type, two electrodes located in the surface and bottom of the device, the heat generated can be derived directly through the electrode; such a substrate does not require a current diffusion layer, and therefore the light is not current diffusion layer materials to absorb, but also improves the efficiency of the light. However, with respect to the sapphire substrate, silicon carbide, higher manufacturing costs, the need to reduce the costs corresponding to achieve its commercialization.

Disposable infusion transfusion processing

1 method
After the end of the the patient infusion or transfusion, nurse the scalp acupuncture plastic tube fold and pull out the needle, inserted immediately lost just finished bottles of liquid. Continue to the inverted empty bottles back to the sewage treatment, the left middle finger, ring finger, little finger holding the bottleneck with mesh cover, right hand Murphy's dropper lower end of the infusion tube or blood transfusion handed the left hand, left thumb and forefinger , Murphy's dropper above the thick needle, exhaust needles plane. Get the scissors gas at Murphy's dropper part down the middle cut out the bottom of the bottle rotates downward more than 90 degrees, the right hand advantage of the opportunity to seize the infusion tube or blood transfusion to pull out all the needles from the cork. Disfigurement after infusion or transfusion soaked in disinfectant for more than 30 minutes, remove and unified in full bloom in a large plastic barrel sent to the designated location sound processing.
(2) experience
Needle fold pull out immediately inserted into the vial, does not result in infusion or transfusion residual liquid drops, help to keep the ward clean and tidy; shear Murphy's dropper containing air portion, the liquid inside the tube can not spill , scissors, does not rust; due to the difference in height, liquid gravity, after the Murphy's dropper cut. residual liquid in the tube it will automatically go to the empty bottle back, Never splash the walls, floors and surrounding objects ; disfigurement after infusion sets, blood transfusion by immersion disinfection before transfer, can effectively prevent the transport of pollution of the surrounding environment in the process.

Garnet geological occurrence and geological implications

Geological occurrence:
The pyrope production in the ultrabasic rocks eluvial placer, a large grain of gem-quality pyrope rare. The former Soviet Union, Norway, the Czech Republic and China Jiangsu are outputs; magnesium iron garnet mainly from the United States and the United Republic of Tanzania and other countries; the almandine Dan Shengcheng in the mica schist and amphibolite gneiss metamorphic rock and placer among Origin Sri Lanka, Brazil, Madagascar, India and other countries; calcium aluminum garnet skarn product, but also found in the alteration of serpentinite and gabbro bring, such as Kenya, Pakistan, but the former Soviet Union and output green grossular. Hessonite production from Sri Lanka; spessartine production in pegmatites, some metamorphic rocks have appeared, the production of gem-quality manganese aluminum garnet stone from Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Brazil and other countries; andradite is gray schist and metamorphic product of the rock band, was brown and green demantoid and yellow garnet stone production serpentinite black garnet stone production in the rich alkaline igneous rocks in the former Soviet Union and the Congo are output; Uvarovite is a gas into a hot aqueous solution with calcium ultrabasic rocks of the product, the former Soviet Union and the United States have been found.
Geological meanings:
Garnet group is the use of the lithospheric thermal dynamics to understand a key minerals of igneous and metamorphic origin. The speed of diffusion of elements in the garnet and other minerals compared to relatively slow, and garnet relative resistance metasomatism. Therefore, the individual can be saved their internal composite tape garnet is used to understand its Language rock temperature change history. And not garnet composite tape will be understood as diffusion lead to uniformity, because the more impact single situation can also be used to infer the history of living in the rock temperature changes.
Formation conditions:
Garnet metamorphic rock has its function. Eclogite can be defined as a rock of basalt composition, but mainly constituted by garnet and green pyroxene. Containing a larger proportion of pyrope garnet can only be produced in a relatively high-pressure metamorphic rocks, for example, in the bottom of the crust and mantle rocks. Peridotite may contain plagioclase, or rich in aluminum spinel, or rich pyrope garnet, the three minerals exist at the same time confirmed the olivine and pyroxene mineral balance pressure temperature zone. The above three minerals peridotite mineral assemblage, in the case of pressure increase its stability to arrange. Garnet peridotite may only deep in the crust. Garnet peridotite xenoliths from Kimberley rock from 100km
Or deeper is brought up, and by xenoliths debris contained in the garnet is used as a diamond indicator mineral exploration in the Kimberley rock. Depths of 300 to 400km and more, component pyroxene (Mg, Fe) and Si-substituted dissolved in a regular octahedron in the garnet (Y) location 2Al garnet, manufacturing a silicon content of unusually high garnet, and the nature of the solid solution as magnesium iron garnet. This high silicon content of garnet is confirmed to be included in diamonds.

Distinguish appreciation

First of all, let us take a look at the main origin of the garnet:
Especially in Inner Mongolia, China garnet sand origin, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, Shandong Rizhao most representative. Inner Mongolia Garnet hardness, but the main wash wind, dust content, the impact of the cutting speed. In addition, for the production of small workshops, secluded inland transport costs are very high; Jiangsu Lianyungang garnet has been a major producer of domestic pomegranate sand, bright colors, hardness, open pit, mostly for local small workshop production, so the cost cheap, cheap, quality control is not strict, often have a variety of impurities, often plug waterjet.
The end of 2011, Lianyungang government closed the local mine, prohibit any person from indiscriminate indiscriminate open, leading to the domestic pomegranate sand supply is very tight; Shandong Rizhao garnet sand deep mine, the color crimson partial black, hardness, from 2011 began in the domestic market, is another lesser-known place of origin, the large amount of supply, stable quality, the maritime land are more convenient, the next few years a major producer of garnet sand.
Identify:
Garnet imitation goods very little. It is easy to distinguish. Distinguish garnet start from the following four points:
1, garnet color super-brilliant super-transparent, if the price is very attractive, work too hard, there is a problem.
See batt impurities, garnet inside easily with black spots, ice crack.
2, Garnet heavier than the average crystal, hold in your hands weigh lighter than the powder, you should be careful.
3, Garnet delicate, very slippery surface feel, feels very comfortable the oil feeling ~ and placed in the hands of a kind of cold feeling, soak into the depths of the heart, not powder "glass" feeling.
Ruby, red spinel and garnet similar gems. Ruby is a non-homogeneous body, dichroic, chromium characterized by absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence reaction, flat ribbon, needle-like inclusions into a 120 ° angle between; spinel low refractive index, fluorescence reaction, showing octahedral inclusions. Garnet as a homogeneous body, exactly the same color, Charles microscopic reaction, horsetail-like inclusions.
Quality water grossular was bright green, very similar to the Emerald. Water grossular often with black spots, a refractive index of 1.73, the red zone characteristic absorption.
Condition:
1, the color the more light the better (the garnet crystal born color than other heavy, light color hard to come by! Kind of a read talk to black, is the worst fineness).
2, as transparent as possible [any crystal.
3 Binglie as little as possible [any crystal.
4, based on the garnet Price from low to high is divided into three color: purple, rosy red, burgundy.
Favorites:
Current market selling crystal the image water tank crystal, gold hair crystal and the silver hair crystal, iridescent crystal, crystal animals and scenery Crystal. Jade collection area of ??investment compared to the purchase cost of the crystal is relatively low and relatively simple to identify, collections easier to start, to bring a lot of spiritual enjoyment as well as collectors, and sophisticated collection, but also can be achieved increasing the value of purposes. So why do some experts believe that Crystal does not have the value of the collection? Fact, experts said Crystal does not have the value of the collection should be ordinary popular and dependable crystal products.
"Crystal in the long process of the formation of absorption of many natural extracts, which also make the crystal is given to the many efficacy and purpose." Chinese Cultural Park Crystal Jade Shadow boss Zhao wood long introduction to say, quartz body (ie crystal) is the process of earth movement crustal plates press against each other and the high temperature diluted crystals experienced hundreds of years, thousands of years or even thousands of years, hundreds of millions of years after the formation of natural form, the beauty of nature left us. Therefore, the crystal as a non-renewable resources, with the continuous development will only become more and more scarce, the price rise is an inevitable trend.

The use and purchase of garnet

Uses:
Garnet pure crystal is used as a gem.
Garnet sand is a good abrasives, is also a commonly used instead of the silica sand blasting treatment.
Mixed with high-pressure water, garnet in the waterjet cutting is used for cutting steel and other materials.
Garnet sand is also used as the medium of water purification.
In the United States it is the birthstone for January.
It is the second anniversary of the wedding anniversary gem.
It is Connecticut's state mineral.
It is also the representative of New York gem.
Evaluation optional:
Based on the evaluation and purchase of garnet by color, transparency, particle size. Garnet gem-quality standard requirements: transparency, color, bright, particle size greater than 5 mm. Bright green demantoid very popular in the international gem market, pristine, bright colors, high crystal clear Demantoid value. Emerald green chrome vanadium aluminum garnet (also called Tsavorite) high-value, high quality can be compared with the emerald. Red, orange-red garnet is also very precious orange orange garnet (also known as spessartine) in recent years, prices rose faster.
Garnet is one of the high-grade gems, in which the green gems are rare species. Rich ruby ??color, pure, purple teeth black varieties with high transparency to share. Its high refractive index, strong luster, beautiful and diverse color, is a favorite gem varieties. Many countries in the world the purple teeth Ukrainian given as January birthstone, a symbol of faithful, love and chastity. Westerners think the purple teeth Ukraine has a life-saving magic; in the Middle East, purple teeth black was elected to do the royal family keepsake.
In the international gemstone market, pure, bright colors, the garnet crystal clear high value. Emerald green chrome vanadium aluminum garnet highest value, high quality can be compared with the emerald. Red, orange-red garnet is also very valuable. Purple teeth black is one of the more common low-grade gem. Geological Museum of China, the possession of an orange-red spessartite the Shi Taijing body weighing 1397 carats produced in Xinjiang. U.S. National Museum of Natural History collection of the world's best a brown yellow transparent cinnamon stone (iron and calcium aluminum garnet), is an elaborate carved Christ avatar weighs 61.5 kt, priceless.
Garnet imitation goods is very little, it is easy respectively.
Garnet color super-brilliant super-transparent, if the price is very attractive, too hard.
2, to see the batt impurities, easily out of garnet black spots, ice crack.
, Garnet heavier than the individual crystal, and hold it in the hands of measure, if lighter than the powder, it is necessary to be careful.
4, garnet contrast delicate appearance feel very slippery, feels very comfortable feeling very much oil to powder "glass" feeling.
Garnet gloss strong sense of metal that looks bright light hazy sense, this is particularly reflected in the beads.

The Garnet similar identification and origin introduced

Similar identification:
A series of gems red garnet red spinel, ruby, red tourmaline, red zircon specific reference to Ruby similar discrimination section expounded; Series gem emerald green garnet, chrome through pyroxene, green tourmaline, green zircon, see the emerald similar discrimination section expounded; series yellow garnet gemstone gold emerald, yellow sapphire, yellow crystal, yellow topaz, yellow zircon , see Topaz similar to the elaboration of the discrimination section; similar collection of jade green garnet green jade, green amazonite.
Origin:
Garnet origin of almost all over the world. The main origin: the pyrope mainly produced in the United States, the Czech Republic; the almandine mainly produced in India, the United States, Sri Lanka, Pakistan; the andradite mainly produced in Russia, Zaire, South Korea, the United States; calcium water aluminum garnet is mainly produced in South Africa, Canada, USA, China.
European the Bohemian garnet Museum: a sleeping red garnet for hundreds of years, her master Wu Lu Juliet year, black dew Juliet is always wearing While this love stone, with her love Goethe dating, she was convinced: the garnet can bring good luck and eternal love for their happiness.